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Basics > Aspiration Drugs > Flashcards

Aspiration Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Meds that increase LES tone

A
  • metoclopramide give regularly (increases ACH)
  • *prochlorperazine (increase ACH)
  • *Edrophonium (increase ACH)
  • *Neostigmine (increase ACH)
  • histamine
  • succ (2 ACH molecules stuck together)
  • pancuronium
  • metoprolol (by blocking SNS)
  • alpha one adrenergic stimulants
  • antacids
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2
Q

Meds that decrease LES

A
  • *atropine (anti ACH)
    • gylcopyrrolate (Anti ACH)
  • dopamine
    sodium nitroprusside (potent vasodilator)
  • thiopental/ propofol (brain to sleep)
  • tricyclic antidepressants
  • B-adrenergic stimulants (stimulant SNS)
  • inhaled agents
  • opiates
  • ? nitrous oxide?
    all meds used in general anesthesia decrease LES tone
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3
Q

commonly used antiemetic medications

A
  • anticholinergics
  • phenothiazines
  • antihistamines
  • Butyrophenones - NOT used anymore!! BLACK BOX Warning
  • Bensamides
  • steroids*
  • 5 HT3 Receptor antagonists* (serotonin antagonists)
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4
Q

commonly used antiemetic medications

anticholinergics

A

scoplamaine

atropine

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5
Q

commonly used antiemetic medications

- phenothiazines

A

promethazine
prochlorperazine
chlorpromazine

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6
Q

commonly used antiemetic medications

- antihistamines

A

diphenhydramine
promethazine
chlorpromazine

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7
Q

commonly used antiemetic medications

- Butyrophenones

A

NOT USED

droperidol - prolongs QT segment

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8
Q

commonly used antiemetic medications

- Bensamides

A

metoclopramide

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9
Q

commonly used antiemetic medications

- steroids*

A

most common

- dexamethasone

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10
Q

commonly used antiemetic medications

- 5 HT3 Receptor antagonists*

A

Most common

  • ondansetron
  • dolasetron
  • ganisetron
  • tropisetron
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11
Q

Side effects of commonly used antiemetics

A
  • sedation
  • hypotension
  • extrapyramidal symptoms
  • dry mouth
  • dysphoria
  • HA/ lightheadedness
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12
Q

Side effects of commonly used antiemetics

- sedation

A
  • phenothiazines
  • antihistamines
  • droperidol
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13
Q

Side effects of commonly used antiemetics

- hypotension

A
  • promethazine
  • prochloroperazine
  • droperidol
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14
Q

Side effects of commonly used antiemetics

- extrapyramidal symptoms

A
  • Metoclopramide

- droperidol

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15
Q

Side effects of commonly used antiemetics

- dry mouth

A
  • anticholinergics
  • antihistamines
  • hydroxyzine
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16
Q

Side effects of commonly used antiemetics

- dysphoria

A
  • scopalamine

- droperidol

17
Q

Side effects of commonly used antiemetics

- HA/ lightheadedness

A
  • 5-HT3 antagonists
18
Q

Pretreatment for pts at risk for gastric aspiration

A
  • metoclopramide
  • cimetidine
  • famotidine
  • ranitidine
  • bicitra
19
Q

Pretreatment for pts at risk for gastric aspiration

- metoclopramide

A

10-20 mg IV (REGLAN)

  • Bensamides
  • increases LES tone
  • gastrokinetic agent that decreases gastric emptying time by increases peristalsis. decreases volume, no effect of acidity.
  • PNS
  • DO NOT GIVE WITH bowel obstruction, or parkinsons- its a antidopaminergic drug, parkinsons already have decreased dopamine.
20
Q

Pretreatment for pts at risk for gastric aspiration

- cimetidine

A

300mg IVPB

Histamine 2 antagonist

21
Q

Pretreatment for pts at risk for gastric aspiration

- famotidine

A

20mg IVPB

Histamine 2 antagonist

22
Q

Pretreatment for pts at risk for gastric aspiration

- ranitidine

A

50mg IVPB

Histamine 2 antagonist

23
Q

Pretreatment for pts at risk for gastric aspiration

- bicitra

A

15-30cc PO.. also use Na Citrate
Non-paticulate antacid. looks like water, increases pH of gastric contents
- given 15-30 min before induction
- duration = 60-90min (no effect after 60min)
- increases pH now, also increases volume.

24
Q

Aspiration risk cocktail

A

Bicitra, reglan, pepcid

25
Q

H2 antagonists

A

1- increase gastric pH
2- decrease gastric volume
- need to be given 60-90 min IV pre induction to work, they have no immediate effect on HCL acid

26
Q

proton pump inhibitors

A

very affective at reducing acid production
MOA- inhibity proton pump in chief cells that form HCL acid
- omeprazole, lanzoprazole
- must be administered night before surgery and then repeated preop.. if not then go to H2 antagonist

27
Q

gastrointestinal stimulant

A

metoclopramide

28
Q

H2 antagonists

A

Cimetidine
ranitidine
famotidine

29
Q

proton pump inhibitors

A

omeprazole

lansoprazole

30
Q

antacids

A

sodium bictra

sodium citrate

31
Q

antiemetics

A

droperidol

ondansetron

32
Q

anticholinergics

A

atropine
scopalamine
glycopyrrolate

Basics (9 decks)

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