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Pharmacology > Aspects > Flashcards

Aspects Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology definition

A

characteristics and properties of drugs and their actions and effects on the body

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2
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

effects of the body on the drug

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3
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

effects of drugs on the body

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4
Q

Pharmacotherapeutics

A

treating or preventing diseases with drugs

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5
Q

Classification of Drugs

A

Source, Chemical formula, Mode of Action, Therapeutic use, System Acted on as well as drug schedule, popularity, cost, safety in pregnancy

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6
Q

Drug names

A

chemical name, generic name (approved name assigned by manufacturer), trade name (brand name, for marketing)

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7
Q

Routes of Admin

A

oral, topical, sublingual, IN, transdermal, rectal, vaginal, inhalation, IV, IM, IO , subcutaneous, intracethecal, epidural, intrarticular

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8
Q

Drug targets

A

receptors, enzymes, ion channels

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9
Q

Drug receptors

A

membrane bound protein, target for specific ligand bonding

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10
Q

Types of receptors

A

Direct ligand gated, Gprotein coupled, tyrosine kinased coupled, nuclear receptor

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11
Q

Affinity

A

extent of binding to a receptor

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12
Q

Specificity

A

ability of a drug to produce a reaction at a specific site

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13
Q

Efficacy

A

ability of drug to produce an effect at a receptor

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14
Q

Potency

A

relative amount of a drug that has to be at a receptor to cause an effect

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15
Q

Pharmacokinetic processes

A

ADME

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16
Q

Solubility of a drug

A

drug ionisation,

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17
Q

Dose

A

amount of drug administered

18
Q

Drug Schedules

A

dangerous poisons, OTC, pharmacist only, prescription only, hazardous, industrial and ag poisons, dangerous poisons, controlled drugs e.g morphine, prohibited substances

19
Q

The ideal antiepileptic drug

A

highly effective with low toxicity, effective against more than one type of seizure, long acting and non sedation, not highly protein bound to limit drug interactions, inexpensive, no tolerance developed

20
Q

Blood: gas coefficient

A

ratio of concentration in the blood to the concentration in the gas

21
Q

States of Anaesthesia

A
  1. onset of anaesthetic admin and last until loss of consciousness 2. excitement - reflexes present but exaggerated 3. surgical anaesthesia - monitoring of pt 4. paralysis and toxicity
22
Q

MAC

A

minimum alveolar concentration - concentration of an anaesthetic in the alveoli that prevents the muscular response to a painful stimulus in 50% of subjects

23
Q

Gate Control Theory

A

A physiologically analgesic spinal gate mechanism in the dorsal horn can modify the transmission of painful sensation from peipheral nerve fibers to the thalamus
The gate is influenced by descending inhibition from the brain

24
Q

CNS neurotransmitters

A

dopamine - behaviour, emesis, hormone release, motor control
ACh - cognition and memory, motor function
NA - arousal, sleep, mood, appetite, temp control, hormone release
serotonin - behaviour
GABA - inhibitory, motor function

25
Q

Advantages of Aerosol Therapy

A

convienient, minimal irriation, lower doses can be used, drug is rapidly delivered to site of action, systemic adverse effects are minimised

26
Q

How to calculate fluid drip rates

A

[volume x drip rate (20)] divided by time in mins

27
Q

Crystalloid solutions

A

low molecular weight particles, move freely between compartments

28
Q

Colloid solutions

A

large proteins

29
Q

Hypertonic solutions

A

correct hypovolaemia

30
Q

Hypotonic solutions

A

decrease osmolarity of intravascular compartments therefore water shifts into cells

31
Q

Hartman’s Solution

A

consists of Na, K, Mg, is isotonic and moves across cell membranes into tissues

32
Q

0.9% saline

A

Na and Cl, isotonic, moves from vasculature to cells

33
Q

Haemaccel

A

proteins, choloidal, stays in the bloodstream

34
Q

Stable Plasma Protein Solution

A

same as haemaccel

35
Q

5% saline

A

Hypertonic, moves out of cell into blood

36
Q

0.45% saline

A

hypotonic, water flows into the cell

37
Q

Class 1 vaughan williams classification

A

Sodium channel blockers

38
Q

Class 2 vaughan williams

A

B antagonists

39
Q

Class 3 vaughan williams

A

Prolong duration of AP

40
Q

Class 4 vaughan williams

A

Calcium channel blockers

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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