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Rel 1003 > Asian Rel > Flashcards

Asian Rel Flashcards

1
Q

Advaita

A

Shnkara’s school of philosophy which holds that there is only one ultimate reality, the indescribable Brahman with which the atman is identical

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2
Q

Ramanuja’s philosophy within Vedanta

A

Emphasizes that devotion to Vishnu leads to ultimate liberation
Liberation is the joyful realization of the souls relationship with the lord

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3
Q

Madhva’s philosophy within Vedanta

A

Unique in classifying some souls as eternally bound, there are didderent grades of enjoyment and bliss. Dualistic: the human souls and Brahman are separate not identical liberation achieved through this realization

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4
Q

Six schools of Hindu philosophy

A

Samkhya, nyaya, vaisheshika, mimamsa, yoga, vedanta

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5
Q

Yoga

A

Hindu school of thought that involves the mental and physical discipline through which practitioners yoke their sprints to the divine

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6
Q

Vedas

A

The fours vedas thought to be shruti (that which is heard):

Rig, sama, yajur, atharva

Each contains four sections: hymns or samhitas, directions for rituals (brahmanas), compositions for the forest (aranyakas), and philosophical works called the Upanishads

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7
Q

Varnas

A

The four classes

Priests (Brahmins)
Rulers (Kshatriyas)
Merchants (vaishyas)
Servants (shudras)

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8
Q

Samsara

A

Continual cycle of death and reincarnation

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9
Q

Moksha

A

Liberation from samsara

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10
Q

Karma

A

Action, used to be ritualistic action but then meant actions that require reward or punishment requiring lifetimes to sort out. (Karma can help your position in the varnas but not give you liberation)

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11
Q

Atman

A

The human soul

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12
Q

Rama

A

Prince thought to be incarnation of Vishnu — gets exiled by his father and completes his wish even though he is later asked to return by brother, his wife Sita is captured and he saves her

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13
Q

Krishna

A

Another incarnation of Vishnu, tells a warrior that he must fight for dharma

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14
Q

Dharma

A

Religious and social duty, including both righteousness and faith

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15
Q

Three ways to liberation described by Krishna

A

The way of action, the way of knowledge, the way of devotion

(Action: unselfish duty, actions done neither in fear of punishments nor in hope of reward. Karma is bad bc we must be reborn to enjoy it

Knowledge: wisdom destroys past karma, knowledge is insight into the real nature of the universe

Devotion: Krishna promises that he will forgive our sins if we surrender and devote ourselves to him

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16
Q

Three prominent deities

A

Vishnu, Shiva, Shiva’s consort aka the goddess

Vishnu: all pervasive and appears in various forms to establish dharma

Shiva: does not reveal himself sequentially, expresses the manifold aspects of his power by appearing in paradoxical roles; created and destroyer

Goddess: appears in multiple forms but mostly known as Parvati wife of shiva

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17
Q

Other gods

A

Sarasvati: goddess consort of Brahma
Ganesha: son of shiva and Parvati
Brahma creator god

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18
Q

Ashramas

A

4 stages of life for boys :
Studenthood,
Marriage and earning a living to pay back to society
Man and wife retire to forest and live a simple life
Man takes up ascetic life of the samnyasin

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19
Q

Three gems of Buddhism

A 
The dharma (teachings) 
The Buddha
The sangha (congregation)
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20
Q

Nirvana

A

Liberation from the cycle

21
Q

Three vehicles of Buddhism

A

Theravada, Mahayana, Vajrayana

22
Q

How to buddhism and Hinduism both understand the cosmos

A

Understand the cosmos in terms of an endless succession of universes arising and passing away

23
Q

Buddha vs vishna avatar

A

In every era, when dharma (morality) is low, a highly developed being is born and becomes the Buddha of that era

Hindu tradition also states that Krishna or Vishnu come to save the world when farms has declined

Difference: no almighty god is needed to send a Buddha, the Buddha just knows when to come

24
Q

Arhats and bodhisvattas

A

Arhats: saints someone who has realized the ideal of spiritual perfection

Bodhisvatta: in Theravada, a being on the way to enlightenment but not there yet
In Mahayana, a celestial being who forgoes nirvana in order to save others (esp in pure land sect)

25
Q

Pure land sect of Mahayana

A

Venerate a celestial Buddha of infinite life known as Amitabha

26
Q

Theravada:

A

More conservative/ traditional Buddhism

Spread by Ashoka

Refrain from 5 things:
Taking life
Taking what is not given
Sensual misconduct
Wrong speech
Intoxicants

Imp rituals: almsgiving and Dana (homes take in monks, wash their feet and the monks do a merit transfer ritual

27
Q

Are there specific wedding or childhood Buddhist rituals

A

No

28
Q

Mahayana

A

The biggest vehicle

Includes pure land sect

Believes arhats can be women (more inclusive)

Puts more emphasis on emptiness

Merit transfer from bodhisattvas

Difference between Theravada: Theravada want to be arhat (M think is selfish) M want to be bodhisattvas

Include koan practice (paradox) 
And meditation (zen sect)
29
Q

The Buddha

A

Achieves enlightenment as siddhartha aka shakyamuni

30
Q

Lessons by Buddha

A

Principle of moderation:

Four noble truths abt suffering: no living thing can escape suffering (dukkha)

Suffering arises from excessive desire

Suffering will cease when desire ceases

It i possible to put an end to desire and suffering through eight principles of self improvement

8: 
Right understanding
Right thought
Right speech
Right conduct
Right livelihood
Right Effort
Right mindfulness
Right meditation

Three characteristics of existence:
Suffering
Impermanence
No-self (anatman) (no eternal self exists)

31
Q

Vajrayan

A

Dalai Lama
Gelugpa lineage
Tíbet

Tantras(adoptes from hinduism)
Focuses on concepts of sexual union

Boon of the dead (bardo thodol)

A book of instruction read to the dying to help them achieve liberation

32
Q

Sanjao

A

The three teahngs: confuscianism, daosim, buddhsims

33
Q

Dao/Tao

A

The way in the sense of the ultimate or the way in the sense of the path taken by followers of a particular tradition

34
Q

De

A

Power or virtue

35
Q

Han uu

A

Role in revival of confuscianims when it was overshadowed by daosim and Buddhism

36
Q

Junzi

A

A person of exemplary or authoritative behavior especially in Confucianism

37
Q

Laozi

A

Máster, write the daodejing

38
Q

Li

A

Can mean two things:
Ritual practice and decorum (rites)

The pattern in a natural material such as wood used to designate the force that pervades the cosmos

39
Q

Three Confucian thinkers

A

Confucius, Mencius (mengzi), xunzi

M believes human nature is good xunzi thinks bad

40
Q

Xin

A

The heart mind

41
Q

Yi

A

A moral sense of what is right use din conjunction with ren

42
Q

Ren

A

Confucian virtue: goodness

43
Q

Wuwei

A

Not doing

A state not of doing nothing but of acting without intention or self interest (ideal for Confucians and daosists

44
Q

Ultimate goal of Confucianism

A

Creation of harmonious society through hierarchy and status and correctness in relationships

45
Q

Five types of Confucian relationships

A 
Ruler, minister
Father, son
Husband, wife 
Friends
Elder and younger siblings

Should be guided by ren

46
Q

Sage kings

A

In Confucianism Kong’s who represent virtues of civil familial and filial

Yao, shun, yu

47
Q

Mandate of Heaven

A

Confucian idea that heaven mandates rulers to provide right governance for their people can be taken away if rulers immoral

48
Q

Different streams of daosim

A

Individualist, primitivism, syncretist

I is mystical
P is agrarian
S mixes laozi zuanghzi and other schools

49
Q

Three main beliefs of daosim

A

Dao as the one
The need for inner discipline to teach deep tranquility
The use of first two to achieve benevolent government

Rel 1003 (3 decks)

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