Asian Arts

Question 1

includes a vast range of influences from
various cultures and religions. Developments in ______________ historically parallel those
in Western art, in general a few centuries earlier. Chinese art, Indian art, Korean
art, Japanese art, each had significant influence on Western art, and vice versa.
Near Eastern art also had a significant influence on Western art. Excluding
prehistoric art, the art of Mesopotamia represents the oldest forms of Asian art.

Answer 1

ASIAN ART

Question 2

● The oldest continuous art traditions in the world are Chinese art traditions.
● Chinese art in 10,000 B.C.E. included pottery and sculptures.
● Scholars and nobles preserved Chinese artistic traditions, and these were adapted
by each successive dynasty.
● Chinese art encompasses fine arts, folk arts and performance arts.
● Over the centuries, Chinese art produced the following types of arts:
o Paintings
o Calligraphies
o Architecture
o Pottery
o Sculptures
o Bronzes
o Jade carvings
o Other fine or decorative art forms

Answer 2

Chinese Art

Question 3

● Calligraphy
o Introduced in the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE)
o Lady Wei (272-349 CE)
● Painting
● Pottery
● Jade
● Porcelain
● Modern Chinese Art

Answer 3

Ancient Chinese Art

Question 4

o aims to demonstrate superior control and skill using brush and ink.
o Introduced in the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE)
o The Chinese ___________ can be traced back to the Dazhuan (large seal script) That appeared in the Zhou Dynasty.
o Lady Wei (272-349 CE)

Answer 4

Calligraphy

Question 5

• accomplished calligrapher and said to have taught the great master Wang Xizhi (303-361 CE)

Answer 5

Lady Wei (272-349 CE)

Question 6

• Walls, coffins and boxes, screens, silk scrolls, fixed fans, book covers, and folding fans were the most popular formats.
• Wood and bamboo were the most popular materials used by the earliest artists, and then adopted plastered walls, silk, and paper.
• Portraits and landscapes were the two most popular themes.
• The painting styles in early cave in China received influence from India and the West.

Answer 6

Chinese painting

Question 7

o The oldest known pots in the world was from _______________ (Jiangxi province)
o Heavy and functional storage jars
o During the Han dynasty, there were early developments in techniques and kilns

Answer 7

Xianrendong Cave Pottery

Question 8

The oldest known pots in the world was from

Answer 8

Xianrendong Cave Pottery (Jiangxi province)

Question 8

o Early ______ was used as an ornament or sacrificial utensils.
o The earliest Chinese _______ object appeared in the Hemudu culture in the early Neolithic period (about 3500–2000 BCE)
o In the Zhou Dynasty (1046–256 bce), due to the using of higher hardness engraving tools, ________ were carved more delicately and began to be used as a pendant or ornament in clothing.
o ________ was considered to be immortal and could protect the owner, so ________ objects were often buried with the deceased

Answer 8

jade

Question 9

o is a kind of ceramics made from kaolin at high temperature.
o The earliest ceramics in China appeared in the Shang Dynasty (c.1600-1046 BCE). And the production of ceramics laid the foundation for the invention of _________.

Answer 9

Porcelain

Question 9

o After the end of the last feudal dynasty in China, with the rise of the new cultural
movement, Chinese artists began to be influenced by Western art and began to
integrate Western art into Chinese culture.
o At the beginning of the 20th century, oil paintings were introduced to China, and
more and more Chinese painters began to touch Western painting techniques
and combine them with traditional Chinese painting.

Answer 9

Modern Chinese Art

Question 9

● Chinese art is greatly influenced by Chinese philosophies of Buddhism, Confucianism, and particularly Taoism.
● This aims to show a sense of harmony between humans and the larger world

Answer 9

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Question 9

consists of a variety of art forms, including painting, sculpture, pottery, and textile arts such as woven silk. Geographically, it spans the entire Indian subcontinent, including what is now India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and at times eastern Afghanistan.

Answer 9

Indian Art

Question 10

It is a form of sandpainting decoration that uses finely ground white powder and colours, and is used commonly outside homes in India.

Answer 10

Rangoli

Question 11

. East torana of the Great Stupa at Sanchi, 1st century BCE/CE, in Madhya Pradesh, India

Answer 11

Yakshi Bracket Figure

Question 12

is a carved steatite statuette found during the excavation of the Bronze Age city of Mohenjodaro,

Answer 12

The Priest-King

Question 13

“Classical Indian architecture, sculpture, painting, literature (kaavya), music and dancing evolved their own rules conditioned by their respective media, but they shared with one another not only the underlying spiritual beliefs of the Indian religio-philosophic mind, but also the procedures by which the relationships of the symbol and the spiritual states were worked out in detail.”

Answer 13

Kapila Vatsyayan

Question 14

This ________, built in the 4th century, features Sanskrit inscription in Brahmi script that states it was created in honor of the Hindu god Vishnu. The pillar showcases India’s prowess in metallurgy, a branch of science that focuses particularly on the properties, production, and purification of metals.

Answer 14

● The Iron Pillar, Delhi

Question 15

Built in the 13th century, this impressive temple is dedicated to the Hindu sun god Surya. It was carved from stone in the form of a 100-foot-high chariot with immense wheels and horses.

Answer 15

● Konark Sun Temple, Konark, India

Question 15

● ____________ and architecture is works of art produced in Japan from the beginnings of human habitation there, sometime in the 10th millennium BC, to the present.
● ____________ covers a wide range of art styles and media, including ancient pottery, sculpture in wood and bronze, ink painting on silk and paper, and a myriad of other types of works of art; from ancient times until the contemporary
21st century

Answer 15

Japanese Art

Question 15

● Japanese art and architecture is works of art produced in Japan from the
beginnings of human habitation there, sometime in the 10th millennium BC, to the
present.
● Japanese art covers a wide range of art styles and media, including ancient
pottery, sculpture in wood and bronze, ink painting on silk and paper, and a
myriad of other types of works of art; from ancient times until the contemporary
21st century.
● Art in Japan has undergone series of transitions and periodization.
● Japan has transitioned into a cultural mixing pot.
● Based on artifact such as ceramic figures and ornaments.
● It was influenced by Korean and Chinese artwork
● Japanese art covers a wide range of art styles and media, including ancient
pottery, sculpture in wood and bronze, ink painting on silk and paper, calligraphy,
ceramics , architecture, oil painting,literature,drama and music.
● Both religious and secular artistics traditions developed, but even the secular art
was imbued with Buddhist and Confuscian aesthetic principles, particularly the
Zen concept that every aspect of the material world is part of an all encompassing
whole.
● The art form rose to great popularity in the metropolitan culture of Edo (Tokyo)
during the second half of the 17th century, originating with the single-color works
of Hishikawa Moronobu in the 1670s.
● Over its long history, Japanese art absorbed many foreign artistics traditions and
carried on intermittent exchanges with china and Korea.
● When Japan came into contact with the western world during the 19th century,
Japanese woodblock prints, paintings and ceramics had a considerable influence
on European art particularly in cubism and impressionism.
● Contemporary Japanese art is concerned with themes such as self-identity and
finding fulfillment in a world dominated by technology.
● Since the 1990s, Japanese animation known as anime, has become widely
popular with young people in the west.

Answer 15

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Question 15

● Ceramic figures that is made up of clay. That were made for ritual use and buried with the dead as funerary objects

Answer 15

Haniwa

Question 15

● The native religion of Japan.
● A practice of religious rites based on the Japanese polytheistic idea of ‘kami’ (deity).
● Collections of native beliefs and mythology.
● Worshipping nature and natural objects ranging from trees, lakes mountains, flowers and rocks.

Answer 15

Shintoism

Question 15

● Became an integral part of Japanese Culture, Artwork such as images and sculptures of Buddha were produced.
● Buddhist temples are became staples key places.
● Art is essence became an expression of worship for the Japanese people.

Answer 15

Buddhism

Question 15

● meaning “floating world”, refers to the impetuous young culture that bloomed in the urban centers of Edo (modern-day Tokyo)
● Is an art movement which is flourished in 17th through 19th centuries.
● It’s artist produced woodblock prints and paintings of such subjects as travel scenes and landscapes, female beauties and sumo wrestlers

Answer 15

Ukiyo-e

Question 15

● Nicknamed “The Wave”
● Hokusai, an artist with a unique talent.
● The Four details that made this masterpiece famous: The waves, Prussian blue color, Mount Fuji, The boats and the Fisherman.

Answer 15

The Great Wave of Kanagawa

Question 15

● Known for his horizontal-format landscapes series “The Fifty-three Stations of the Tokaido.
● Also known for his vertical-format landscape popular series “One Hundred famous view of Edo.
● Hiroshige’s death marked the beginning of the rapid decline in the ukiyo-e genre

Answer 15

Hiroshige

Question 16

● Was a Japanese ukiyo-e print designer.
● Known for his portraits of kabuki actors.
● Over 140 prints have been established as the works of Sharaku.
● The majority are portraits of actors or scenes from kabuk iand the rest are the sumo wrestlers.

Answer 16

Sharaku

Question 16

● Is a type of Japanese multi-colored woodblock printing.
● The Technique is used primarily in Ukiyo-e. It was invented in 1760s.
● Suzuki Harunobu developed the technique of polychrome printing to produce nishiki-e

Answer 16

Nishiki-e

Question 16

● Also known as Japanese Painting.
● Is one of the oldest and most highly refined of the Japanese art.

Answer 16

Kaiga

Question 17

● The first settlers of Japan, the jomon people.
● Named for the cord markings that decorated the surfaces of their clay vessels were nomadic hunter-gatherers.

Answer 17

Jomon Period Pottery

Question 18

● Bringing knowledge of wetland rice cultivation, the manufacture of copper weapons and bronze bells (dōtaku).
● Use for Rituals.
● The oldest dotaku found date from the second and third century.

Answer 18

Yayoi Art

Question 19

● Represents a modification of Yayoi culture.
● Typical artifacts are bronze mirrors, symbol of political alliances called haniwa.

Answer 19

Kofun Art

Question 19

● (勾玉, less frequently 曲玉) are curved, comma-shaped beads that appeared in prehistoric Japan from the Final Jōmon period through the Kofun period, approximately 1000 BCE to the 6th century CE.
● Comma Shape Beads

Answer 19

Magatama

Question 20

refers to all kinds of cartooning, comics, and animation. Among English speakers, “manga” has the stricter meaning of “Japanese comics”, in parallel to the usage of “anime” in and outside Japan

Answer 20

Manga

Question 20

Korean Art History of Korea

● Professional have begun to acknowledge and sort through Korea’s own unique art
culture and important role in not only transmitting Chinese culture but also
assimilating it and creating a unique culture of its own.
● Korea Arts include tradition in calligraphy, music, painting, and pottery often
marked by the use of natural forms, surface decoration..
● While there are clear and distinguishing differences between three independent
cultures, there are significant and historical similarities and interactions between
the arts of Korea, China and Japan.
● The earliest example of Korean art consists of stone age works dating from 300
BCE. These mainly consist of votive sculpture, although petroglyphs have also
been recently discovered
● Korean artists sometimes modified Chinese tradition with a native preference for
simple elegance, purity of nature and spontaneity.
● The Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392) was the one of the most prolific periods for the
artists in many disciplines, especially in pottery

Answer 20

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Question 20

was the one of the most prolific periods for the
artists in many disciplines, especially in pottery.

Answer 20

Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392)

Question 21

● with bamboo decoration first half of the 12th century.
● This elegant ewer demonstrates the Goryeo potter’s technical skill and conceptual sophistication in transforming everyday motifs from nature—in this case, a melon and bamboo—into a functional and aesthetically pleasing vessel.

Answer 21

Melon-shaped wine ewer

Question 22

● Korean ancient pottery improved during the era of Neolithic art (c. 10,000-3,000 BCE) with the creation of flat-bottomed vessels decorated with zigzag patterns, followed by comb-pattern pottery (c. 3,000 BCE)

Answer 22

Neolithic Art

Question 22

● Korean pottery was recognized as early as 6000 BCE.
● The vessel form found in early comb pottery is a simple V-shape with a pointed or
rounded bottom. The surface is entirely covered with impressed or incised lines,
short, slanting, and parallel, arranged in either horizontal or vertical rows so as to
produce a sort of comb pattern.

Answer 22

Comb-Patterned Pottery

Question 23

● In Korea, the ___________ began around the 15th century BCE, with the everyday
use of mumun pottery, ground stone tools, and wooden tools. During this period,
only a few people possessed bronze tools, which served either as symbols of
authority or as ritual instruments

Answer 23

Bronze Age

Question 23

____________ named after the decorated pottery vessels that form a large part of the pottery assemblage consistently over the above period, especially 4000-2000 BC. Jeulmun (Hangul: 즐문, Hanja: 櫛文) means “Combpatterned”. A boom in the archaeological excavations of Jeulmun Period sites since the mid-1990s has increased knowledge about this important formative period in the prehistory of East Asia.

Answer 23

Jeulmun pottery period

Question 24

, was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of Manchuria. At its peak of power, Goguryeo controlled most of the Korean peninsula, large parts of Manchuria and parts of eastern Mongolia and Inner Mongolia.

Answer 24

Goguryeo, also called Goryeo

Question 24

● have served a central place in the defense of the nation for thousands of years. Although typical Korean land battles have taken place in wide valleys and narrow mountain passes, which favor use of the spear and bow, the sword found use as a secondary, close-quarters weapon, especially useful during sieges and ship-to-ship boarding actions. Higher quality, ceremonial swords were typically reserved for the officer corps as a symbol of authority with which to command the troops. Ceremonial swords are still granted to military officials by the civilian authority to
this day.
● Korean swords typically fall into two broad categories, the Geom, and the Do.

Answer 24

Korean-Sword

Question 25

● The transition from the Late Bronze to Early _____________ in Korea begins in the 4th century BCE. This corresponds to the later stage of Gojoseon, the Jin state period in the south, and the Proto–Three Kingdoms period of the 1st to 4th century CE.[8]
● The period that begins after 300 BCE can be described as ‘protohistoric’, a time when some documentary sources seem to describe societies in the Korean peninsula.

Answer 25

Iron Age

Question 26

● ________ was founded as a member of the Mahan confederacy. Two sons of the
founder of Goguryeo are recorded to have fled a succession conflict, to establish _________ around the present Seoul area.

Answer 26

Baekje

Question 27

● was the smallest and weakest of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, but it used
cunning diplomatic means to make opportunistic pacts and alliances with the
more powerful Korean kingdoms, and eventually Tang China, to its great
advantage.

Answer 27

Silla

Question 27

Other Arts of Korea

● Korean arts is characterized by transition in main religion at the time; early Korean
shamanist art, then Korean Buddhist art and Korean confucian art, through the
various forms of Western Art in 20 century.
● Art works in metal, jade, bamboo, textiles have a limited resurgence.

Answer 27

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Question 28

● is seen art where brush stroke reveal the artist personality enhancing the subject matter that is painted,
● This arts form represent the apogee and Korean Confucian Art.

Answer 28

Korean Calligraphy and Printing

Question 29

● are craft of making fabric and textiles produced by the people on the Korean
Peninsula. They have a long history, which includes fabrics such as guksa, nobang,
sha, jangmidan, Korean-made jacquard, brocade and satin. Or crafts such as the
Korean quilts known as bojagi, Korean embroidery, Korean knots, Korean clothing
and the rarer arts of Korean blinds weaving and Korean paper clothing. In old time,
people usually wore natural dyeing clothes.

Answer 29

Korean Fabric Arts

Question 29

o In the ruling palaces, knots were used to signify dignity and prestige. For religious
purposes knots decorated Buddhist ornaments. The most common use of knots
was in Norigae, traditional Korean ornaments worn by women to decorate
clothing.

Answer 29

● Korean Knot

Question 30

o have a long tradition with the use in a variety of contexts. Masks of any type are called tal (Korean: 탈) in Korean, but they are also known by many others names such as gamyeon, gwangdae, chorani, talbak and talbagaji. Korean masks come with black clothe attached to the sides of the mask designed to cover the back of the head and also to simulate black hair.

Answer 30

Korean Mask

Question 30

● Korean paper or ________ is the name of traditional handmade paper from Korea.
is made from the inner bark of Broussonetia papyrifera known colloquially as paper
mulberry, a tree native to Korea that grows well on its rocky mountainsides, known
in Korean as dak.

Answer 30

Hanji

Question 31

Korean Paintings Art

● Generally, the history of Korean painting is dated to approximately 108 C.E.,
when it first appears as an independent form.
● Buddhist topics, and an emphasis on celestial observation in keeping with the
rapid development of Korean astronomy.
● Throughout the history of Korean painting, there has been a constant separation
of monochromatic works of black brushwork on very often mulberry paper or silk;
and the colourful folk art or min-hwa, ritual arts, tomb paintings, and festival arts
which had extensive use of colour.
● This distinction was often class-based: scholars, particularly in Confucian art felt
that one could see colour in monochromatic paintings within the gradations and
felt that the actual use of colour coarsened the paintings, and restricted the
imagination.
● Korean folk art, and painting of architectural frames was seen as brightening
certain outside wood frames, and again within the tradition of Chinese
architecture, and the early Buddhist influences of profuse rich thalo and primary
colours inspired by Art of India.
● Western-style oil painting in Korean art was in the self-portraits of Korean artist

Answer 31

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Question 31

● Korean artist who pioneered in the application of Western techniques to
traditional painting styles. After World War II he became a member of the South
Korean government of Syngman Rhee.

Answer 31

Ko Hu i-dong

Question 32

o were popular subjects in court paintings in the late Joseon Dynasty, and dozens
of them were produced for various occasions including royal weddings. Peaches
in these paintings grow only every 3,000 years and symbolizes longevity.

Answer 32

Arahat, Joseon buddhist painting in the 16th century Korea

Question 33

● Type Of Paintings In Korea

Answer 33

o Buddhist Paintings
o Confucian Paintings
o Decorative Paintings

Question 34

● refers to the art of Tibet and other present and former Himalayan
kingdoms (Bhutan, Ladakh, Nepal, and Sikkim). Tibetan art is first and foremost a
form of sacred art, reflecting the over-riding influence of Tibetan Buddhism on
these cultures.

Answer 34

Tibetan art

Question 35

Tibetan Art
● Tibetan art refers to the art of Tibet and other present and former Himalayan
kingdoms (Bhutan, Ladakh, Nepal, and Sikkim). Tibetan art is first and foremost a
form of sacred art, reflecting the over-riding influence of Tibetan Buddhism on
these cultures.
● Also called the “Himalayan art,” that refers to the art of Tibet and other present and
former Himalayan kingdoms.
● Also called Lamaism, which is a regional form of northern Buddhism.
● In Tibet, many Buddhists carve mantras into rocks as a form of devotion.
● Tibetan Buddhism contains Tantric Buddhism, also known as Vajrayana
Buddhism for its common symbolism of the vajra, the diamond thunderbolt
(known in Tibetan as the dorje).
● Most of the typical Tibetan Buddhist art can be seen as part of the practice of
tantra.
● Vajrayana techniques incorporate many visualizations/imaginations during
meditation, and most of the elaborate tantric art can be seen as aids to these
visualizations; from representations of meditational deities (yidams) to mandalas
and all kinds of ritual implements.
● A visual aspect of Tantric Buddhism is the common representation of wrathful
deities, often depicted with angry faces, circles of flame, or with the skulls of the
dead.
● The artists were largely anonymous despite the existence of flourishing workshops.
● Tibetan art evolved from the 7th century CE
● Tubo Kingdom is when Tibetan arts have developed. These originated from the
rock paintings in ancient times. The contents of these paintings include animal
images of deer, ox, sheep, horse, and more relating to hunting scenes.
● Religious paintings have made a further progress most especially after introducing
Buddhism to Tibet.
● Historians note that Chinese painting had a profound influence on Tibetan painting
in general. Starting from the 14th and 15th century, Tibetan painting had
incorporated many elements from the Chinese, and during the 18th century,
Chinese painting had a deep and far-stretched impact on Tibetan visual art.

Answer 35

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Question 36

● Its drawing elements are from the religions of Buddhism, Hinduism, Bon, and
other tribal groups and others reflecting the overriding influence of Tibetan
Buddhism.
● Tibetan artists followed rules regarding proportions, shape, colour, stance, hand
positions, and attributes in order to personify correctly the Buddha or deities

Answer 36

Sacred art

Question 37

● One of the particular types of artwork of Tibetan artists is Sand Mandala.
● It is a spiritual symbol depicting the universe and the cosmos.
● Has geometric patterns
● Ceremonies and viewing are done to symbolise the Buddhist doctoral belief in the
transitory nature of material life when it is being ritualistically dismantled.

Answer 37

Sand Mandala

Question 38

Origin

● The 13 Arts are rooted in Buddhism. They are believed to have been introduced by
Pema Lingpa in the 15th century and categorized in the 17th century by Tenzin
Rabgye, the 4th Druk Desi—the title given to rulers; it means “thunder dragon” in
reference to Bhutan. Each work of art contains the same principles, symbolisms
and ideologies that make this practice so ancestral, but the artist inevitably leaves
a print of their own style, which contributes to the uniqueness of the piece.
● However, one important aspect of Bhutanese art is that it is always anonymous. If
a work of art bears a name, it is usually the name of the person who commissioned
it, not the artist’s, because the importance of the craft lies in the craft itself, not in
those who produce it. Art speaks for itself, the same as each representation of
belief and value. Thus, these objects decorate every home, temple, and street. The
ornaments are used every day as simple, yet beautiful tools. Colors permeate every
aspect of the paintings, woodwork, sculptures, and embroideries that depict deities,
sacred animals and other relevant imagery.

Answer 38

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Question 38

Bhutanese Art

● The major orders of Buddhism in Bhutan are Drukpa Kagyu and Nyingma. The
former is a branch of the Kagyu School and is known for paintings documenting
the lineage of Buddhist masters and the 70 Je Khenpo (leaders of the Bhutanese
monastic establishment). The Nyingma order is known for images of
Padmasambhava, who is credited with introducing Buddhism into Bhutan in the
7th century. According to legend, Padmasambhava hid sacred treasures for
future Buddhist masters, especially Pema Lingpa, to find. The treasure finders
(tertön) are also frequent subjects of Nyingma art.
● Each divine being is assigned special shapes, colors, and/or identifying objects,
such as lotus, conch-shell, thunderbolt, and begging bowl. All sacred images are
made to exact specifications that have remained remarkably unchanged for
centuries.
● In Bhutan, art remains an essential part of daily life that retains the purity and
handcraft of ancient times that rarely manifests itself in Western Culture. Certainly,
these practices evolve and adapt through the new generations, but at the same
time it preserves the internal and external spirituality—full of the sacred beliefs of
this mystic and mysterious land—of creating a work of art from the past.
● For the Bhutanese people, each piece they create represents a religious
experience, a connection with something that goes beyond them and enlightens
them creatively, and this is why the 13 Traditional Arts and Crafts, known as Zorig
Chusum, have prevailed to this day and continue to be one of the most
consequential aspects of Bhutanese culture.
● The Institute of Zorig Chosum in Thimphu is the premier institution of traditional
arts and crafts set up by the Government of Bhutan with the sole objective of
preserving the rich culture and tradition of Bhutan and training students in all
traditional art forms.
● Bhutanese art is particularly rich in bronzes of different kinds that are collectively
known by the name Kham-so (made in Kham) even though they are made in
Bhutan, because the technique of making them was originally imported from the
eastern province of Tibet called Kham.
● Wall paintings and sculptures, in these regions, are formulated on the principal
ageless ideals of Buddhist art forms. Even though their emphasis on detail is
derived from Tibetan models, their origins can be discerned easily, despite the
profusely embroidered garments and glittering ornaments with which these
figures are lavishly covered. In the grotesque world of demons, the artists
apparently had greater freedom of action than when modeling images of divine
beings.

Answer 38

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Question 38

13 Bhutanese Arts & Crafts

1. Lhazo - Bhutanese Wall Paintings
2. Jimzo - Sculpting
3. Shingzo - Wood Carving
4. Parzo - Carving
5. Dezo - Papermaking
6. Dozo - Masonry
7. Shagzo - Wood Turning
8. Thagzo - Weaving
9. Tshemzo – Embroidery
   10.Lugzo - Casting
   11.Tsharzo - Cane Weaving
   12.Garzo - Blacksmithing
   13.Troeko - Metal Ornaments

Answer 38

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