asexual/sexual reproduction

Question 1

define asexual reproduction

Answer 1

a process resulting in the product of genetically identical offspring from ONE parent

Question 2

what are tubers?

Answer 2

plants that grow underground have tubers which swell up and grow on them

ex - potato is a tuber

Question 3

how does the tuber get larger?

Answer 3

sucrose is transported from the leaves down tot he tubers, where it is stored as starch which makes the tuber larger

Question 4

how can you get even more plants from a tuber?

Answer 4

by cursing it into sever pieces, as long as each one has a bud

Question 5

what other organism can reproduce asexually? (example)

Answer 5

bacteria - one cell can split into two

Question 6

define sexual reproduction

Answer 6

a process involving the fusion of nuclei from 2 gametes to form a zygote

offspring are genetically different to one another

Question 7

what is a gamete?

Answer 7

a sex cell. it is a cell with half the normal number of chromosomes

eg - eggs and sperm in humans

Question 8

describe female gametes in general

Answer 8

tend to be large

they are a nucleus inside an ovule

in animals it is an egg

Question 9

describe male gametes in general

Answer 9

tend to be smaller

in plants - pollen grains

in animals (humans) - sperm

Question 10

how many chromosomes are in each cell in humans?

Answer 10

23 in each cell (one from father and one from mother)

total is 46 chromosomes

Question 11

what is a diploid cell?

Answer 11

a cell/nucleus with 2 full sets of chromosomes (46)

Question 12

what is a haploid cell?

Answer 12

a cell/nucleus with 1 full set of chromosomes

eg - gametes (mostly the only ones)

Question 13

is the number of chromosomes the same in each organism type?

Answer 13

no, it varies greatly

Question 14

how are gametes made?

Answer 14

made by cells in reproductive organs dividing

human sperm cells made when testis cells divide

male gametes made when cells in anthers divide in pollen grains (in plants only)

Question 15

what is mitosis?

Answer 15

most cells divide with mitosis

division of cell resulting in 2 cells which are genetically identical

same number of chromosomes as parent nucleus

Question 16

what is meiosis?

Answer 16

gametes are made through meoisis

produces haploid gametes from diploid parent cells

4 daughter cells

Question 17

what is a hermaphrodite?

Answer 17

an organism that can produce both male and female gametes

ex - slugs and earthworms and many flowering plants

Question 18

why would a tulip grower want to use asexual reproduction?

Answer 18

if they have a perfect tulip (eg - colour) they will use asexual reproduction to get a genetically identical flower

Question 19

why would a tulip grower use sexual reproduction?

Answer 19

if they want a new type of flower

eg - a new colour they will use sexual reproduction

Question 20

what is the risk of growers using only asexual reproduction?

Answer 20

they risk all of their crop being affected by a disease

Question 21

why is there more variation with cross-pollination?

Answer 21

because when a plant self-pollinates there can be some variation though usually not much

when gametes are made new combos of genes can be formed