Asexual Reproduction and Vegetation propagation

Question 1

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 1

Asexual reproduction is the production of new individuals from a single organism without the fusion of gametes

Question 2

examples of asexual reproduction

Answer 2

binary fission in bacteria
budding in yeast and Aiptasia
fragmentation in spirogyra
spore production in rhizopus nigricans

Question 3

example of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes

Answer 3

binary fission

Question 4

what is binary fission?

Answer 4

a form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes such as archae and bacteria where a single organism divides into two daughter cells each receiving a copy of the parent cell genetic material

Question 5

what happens in binary fission?

Answer 5

when cells reach a certain size it divides:
- the circular chromosomes replicates
- the two chromosomes separates while held on to the cell surface membrane
- the two new cell membrane forms across the middle of the cell
- the cell wall material forms between the new cell membranes
- the cell remains attached for a while, then splits apart

Question 6

example of asexual reproduction in eukaryotes

Answer 6

budding in yeast

Question 7

what is budding in yeast?

Answer 7

a form of asexual reproduction where a new yeast cell called a bud grows out from the parent cell

Question 8

discuss budding in yeast

Answer 8

1. 16 linear chromosome replicates
2. the nucleus divides by mitosis and the nuclear membrane remains intact and does not break off
3. a small swelling appears at the side of the cell and yeast to form a bud
4. one of the daughter nuclei enters the bud
5. the bud remains attached for a while and breaks off leaving a bud scar on the parent yeast cell

Question 9

difference between self pollination and asexual reproduction

Answer 9

1. meiosis for self pollination and mitosis for asexual reproduction
2. for self pollination crossing over is present but limited while for asexual reproduction none. offsprings are clones
3. for self pollination seed production is present while for asexual reproduction seed production is absent
4. for method reproduction self pollination it is fertilization or fusion of gametes while for asexual reproduction vegetative structures such as rhizomes and tubers. processes such as budding and fragmentation

Question 10

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 10

1. offspring remains well adapted to a non changing environment as all traits are inherited from parent organism
2. rapid growth of population can occur since only one parent needed and no gestation period. New habitats can be colonized quickly
3. offspring may be able utilize parent as nutrient source during the early stages of life

Question 11

what are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 11

1. Due to lack of genetic variation, pathogens and diseases may be able to spread quickly through populations
2. Over competition may occur, either among offspring, or between parent and offspring, especially in plants due to being in close proximity
3. very low genetic diversity can lead to lack of evolutionary changes in species

Question 12

describe the process of fragmentation

Answer 12

The plant splits into fragments which can develop into a mature clone , identical to the parent

Question 13

what happens with spore production and binary fission?

Answer 13

Mitosis occurs and produces conidiospores at the tip. The spores germinate and differentiate to form new fungi

Question 14

examples of spore production and binary fission

Answer 14

red algae
aerial hyphae

Question 15

Which mechanism of asexual reproduction is illustrated by the fragmentation of ginger rhizomes

Answer 15

ginger rhizomes

Question 16

What is vegetative propagation?

Answer 16

vegetative propagation is the process of producing plant offsprings on a large scale taking advantage of the facets of asexual reproduction.
This is done for commercial purposes and is done in the forms of tissue culture and cuttings

Question 17

what are the two examples of vegetative propagation?

Answer 17

tissue culture and cutting

Question 18

example of plants used with cutting

Answer 18

sugar cane
african violet

Question 19

describe the process of cutting in sugar cane

Answer 19

stems are broken off and laid horizontally. After a period of time, the bud grows into a new stem and adventitious roots grows from the leaf scars.

Question 20

describe the process of cutting in African Violets

Answer 20

cutting is made on the stem, then it is placed in a medium containing a growth hormone such as Auxin which stimulates root growth. The plant can be transferred to the soil

Question 21

what is fragmentation?

Answer 21

a process of asexual reproduction where the parent organism breaks into fragments and each fragments develops into a new individual
example in starfish

Question 22

What is asexual spore formation?

Answer 22

process where spores are produced asexually, and they develop into new individuals. example fungi and algae

Question 23

two examples of asexual reproduction in plants

Answer 23

ginger and vegetation propagation

Question 24

describe the process of asexual reproduction in ginger

Answer 24

Ginger reproduces asexually through underground stems called rhizomes. The rhizomes produce roots and shoots, which grow into new plants.

Question 25

describe the process of asexual reproduction in vegetative propagation

Answer 25

In vegetative propagation, plant parts such as stems, leaves, and roots are used to produce new plants. This can be done through processes such as cutting, layering, and grafting.

Question 26

what is tissue culture?

Answer 26

Tissue culture is a process used to produce large quantities of identical plants from a single plant tissue

Question 27

describe the process of tissue culture

Answer 27

taking a small piece of plant tissue and growing it in a
nutrient-rich medium under sterile conditions
The tissue grows into a small plantlet, which can be
separated and grown into a full-sized plant.

Question 28

what is sporogenesis?

Answer 28

Sporogenesis is the process by which spores are formed in certain organisms, particularly in plants such as ferns and mosses

Question 29

what is the importance of vegetative propogation?

Answer 29

This method of propagation is used to create
genetically identical copies of plants with desirable traits, which is important in agriculture,
horticulture, and forestry.

Question 30

what is the importance of tissue culture?

Answer 30

Tissue culture allows for the production of large
numbers of identical plants in a short amount of time .

Question 31

what are the genetic consequences of asexual reproduction?

Answer 31

asexual reproduction can also lead to the accumulation of harmful mutations that are not eliminated through recombination.
These mutations can accumulate in a population and eventually lead to reduced fitness or even extinction