Asexual Reproduction

Question 1

What is binary fission in prokaryotes?

Answer 1

A type of asexual reproduction where a prokaryotic cell grows, replicates its DNA, and divides into two identical cells

Question 2

Describe the steps of binary fission

Answer 2

1. Cell elongation and DNA replication
2. Division of the cell wall and plasma membrane
3. Formation of a cross wall around the divided DNA
4. Separation of the cells

Question 3

What is mitosis in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 3

The division of somatic cells to produce two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 4

What are the main parts of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 4

1. Interphase (G1, S, G2): Growth and DNA replication
2. Mitosis: Division of the nucleus, followed by cytokinesis

Question 5

What happens during the G1 phase of interphase?

Answer 5

The cell grows, duplicates its cytoplasm and organelles, and prepares for DNA replication

Question 6

What occurs during the S phase of interphase?

Answer 6

DNA replication in the nucleus, forming sister chromatids joined at the centromere

Question 7

What are the four stages of mitosis?

Answer 7

1. Prophase: Chromatin condenses, and nuclear structures disappear.
2. Metaphase: Chromatids align at the metaphase plate.
3. Anaphase: Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
4. Telophase: Nuclear envelopes reform, and chromosomes become chromatin.

Question 8

What is cytokinesis, and how does it differ between animal and plant cells?

Answer 8

Animal cells: A cleavage furrow forms, splitting the cell.
Plant cells: A cell plate forms, developing into a new cell wall.