Asexual Prop Definitions- Test 2

Question 1

Define ASEXUAL PROPAGATION

Answer 1

Reproduction from vegetative parts of the plants (not seed)

Question 2

Define TOTIPOTENCY

Answer 2

The ability of a specific plant to reproduce vegetatively (nonsexually).

Question 3

Define HIGH TOTIPOTENCY

Answer 3

High Totipotency means that a plant is easy to propagate asexually. The opposite is true of Low Totipotency.

Question 4

Define PLANT CLONING

Answer 4

Cloning is defined as the vegetative/asexual propagation of a plant to make an exact copy.

Question 5

Define PARTHENOCARPY

Answer 5

Parthenocarpy is the propagation of SEEDLESS plants.

Question 6

Define RANDOM MUTATION

Answer 6

Random Mutation in plants is the genetic changes that occur in plant cells that change the plant’s DNA.

Question 7

Define MUTATION BREEDING

Answer 7

Mutation Breeding is a technology of creating mutant plants that are almost tailor-made to humankind’s needs.

Question 8

Define CHIMERA

Answer 8

Chimeras are two plants in one with genetically different tissues growing separately but, adjacent to each other in one plant.

Question 9

Define CUTTING

Answer 9

A cutting is a portion of a stem, root, or leaf cut from the parent plant, placed in favorable conditions to create a new plant identical to the mother plant.

Question 10

Define ADVENTITIOUS

Answer 10

Adventitious is the term to describe roots that come out of parts of the plants besides where they typically would form on a plant.

Question 11

Define XYLEM and PHLOEM

Answer 11

Xylem and phloem are transporting tissues inside vascular plants.

Question 12

Define PARENCHYMA CELLS

Answer 12

Parenchyma cells are the cells making up the outer layers of the plant stems and leaves (make up the vascular bundles).

Question 13

Define CALLUS

Answer 13

A callus is an irregular mass of parenchyma cells that arise from cambium that develops at the basal end of cuttings.

Question 14

Define HERBACEOUS PLANTS

Answer 14

Herbaceous plants are plants with no wood.

Question 15

Define NODE

Answer 15

A node is a bud.

Question 16

Define CAMBIUM

Answer 16

The cambium is the thin formative layer between the xylem and phloem of most vascular plants that gives rise to new cells and is responsible for secondary growth.

Question 17

Define DISTAL end

Answer 17

The distal end of a stem cutting is nearest the shoot tip (top).

Question 18

Define PROXIMAL end

Answer 18

The proximal end is at the base nearest the crown.

Question 19

Define PETIOLE

Answer 19

The petiole is a stalk that attaches a leaf to the plant stem.

Question 20

Define plant HORMONE

Answer 20

Plant hormones are chemicals in plants that regulate cellular processes.

Question 21

Define AUXIN

Answer 21

Auxin is a hormone used to initiate the formation of adventitious roots.

Question 22

Define CYTOKININ

Answer 22

Cytokinin is a plant hormone that promotes cell division.

Question 23

Define GIBBERILINS

Answer 23

Gibberlins are hormones that break dormancy and expand buds and flowers.

Question 24

Define ABSCISIC ACID

Answer 24

Abscisic acid is a hormone used by plants and seed to go into dormancy.

Question 25

Define GRAFTING

Answer 25

Grafting is the union of two or more plants into one single unit.

Question 26

Define ROOTSTALK

Answer 26

The rootstalk is the part of the plant union that provides the roots.

Question 27

Define SCION

Answer 27

The scion is the plant (cutting) that provides the foliage to the union.

Question 28

Define PITH

Answer 28

Pith, or medulla, is a tissue in the stems of vascular plants. Pith is composed of soft, spongy parenchyma cells, which store and transport nutrients throughout the plant.

Question 29

Define AGRONOMY

Answer 29

Agronomy is the science of growing crops.

Question 30

Define HORTICULTURE

Answer 30

Horticulture is the science and art of growing ALL plants (fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants).

Question 31

Define VEGETABLE Plants

Answer 31

Vegetables are crops without seeds.

Question 32

Define FRUIT Plants

Answer 32

Fruits are crops with seeds.

Question 33

Define ANNUAL Plant

Answer 33

Annuals are plants that live for ONE season (not a year).

Question 34

Define PERENNIAL Plant

Answer 34

Perennials are plants that live for more than one season.

Question 35

Define BIENNIAL Plant

Answer 35

Biennials are plants that live for TWO years. They grow in season 1 and flower, form seed, and die in the next season. Example = Hollyhock

Question 36

Define BIODYNAMICS

Answer 36

Biodynamics is a holistic, ecological, and ethical approach to farming, gardening, food, and nutrition.

Question 37

Define SOIL

Answer 37

The soil is the medium used for growing plants.

Question 38

Define BIOSOLIDS

Answer 38

Biosolids are a fungus that grows on roots.

Question 39

Define FRIABLE

Answer 39

Friable soil is soil that has the crumbly texture (no till) ideal for successfully growing plants.

Question 40

Define pH

Answer 40

PH (potential hydrogen), is the measure of the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of liquid solutions (soil solutes). The term translates the values of the concentration of the hydrogen ion.

Question 41

Define MACRONUTRIENT

Answer 41

Macronutrients are chemical elements or substances (such as nitrogen or potassium) that are essential in relatively large amounts to the growth and health of a plant.

Question 42

Define MICRONUTRIENT

Answer 42

Micronutrients are chemical elements or substances (such as Iron or Zinc) that are essential in minute amounts to the growth and health of a plant.

Question 43

Define LAYERING

Answer 43

Layering is a means of plant propagation in which a portion of an above-ground stem grows roots while still attached to the parent plant and then detaches as an independent plant.

Question 44

Define DIVISION

Answer 44

A division is a method of asexual plant propagation, where the plant (usually an herbaceous perennial) is broken up into two or more parts. Both the root and crown of each part is kept intact.