Asexual Prop Definitions- Test 2 Flashcards
Memorize Key Terms
Define ASEXUAL PROPAGATION
Reproduction from vegetative parts of the plants (not seed)
Define TOTIPOTENCY
The ability of a specific plant to reproduce vegetatively (nonsexually).
Define HIGH TOTIPOTENCY
High Totipotency means that a plant is easy to propagate asexually. The opposite is true of Low Totipotency.
Define PLANT CLONING
Cloning is defined as the vegetative/asexual propagation of a plant to make an exact copy.
Define PARTHENOCARPY
Parthenocarpy is the propagation of SEEDLESS plants.
Define RANDOM MUTATION
Random Mutation in plants is the genetic changes that occur in plant cells that change the plant’s DNA.
Define MUTATION BREEDING
Mutation Breeding is a technology of creating mutant plants that are almost tailor-made to humankind’s needs.
Define CHIMERA
Chimeras are two plants in one with genetically different tissues growing separately but, adjacent to each other in one plant.
Define CUTTING
A cutting is a portion of a stem, root, or leaf cut from the parent plant, placed in favorable conditions to create a new plant identical to the mother plant.
Define ADVENTITIOUS
Adventitious is the term to describe roots that come out of parts of the plants besides where they typically would form on a plant.
Define XYLEM and PHLOEM
Xylem and phloem are transporting tissues inside vascular plants.
Define PARENCHYMA CELLS
Parenchyma cells are the cells making up the outer layers of the plant stems and leaves (make up the vascular bundles).
Define CALLUS
A callus is an irregular mass of parenchyma cells that arise from cambium that develops at the basal end of cuttings.
Define HERBACEOUS PLANTS
Herbaceous plants are plants with no wood.
Define NODE
A node is a bud.
Define CAMBIUM
The cambium is the thin formative layer between the xylem and phloem of most vascular plants that gives rise to new cells and is responsible for secondary growth.
Define DISTAL end
The distal end of a stem cutting is nearest the shoot tip (top).
Define PROXIMAL end
The proximal end is at the base nearest the crown.
Define PETIOLE
The petiole is a stalk that attaches a leaf to the plant stem.
Define plant HORMONE
Plant hormones are chemicals in plants that regulate cellular processes.
Define AUXIN
Auxin is a hormone used to initiate the formation of adventitious roots.
Define CYTOKININ
Cytokinin is a plant hormone that promotes cell division.
Define GIBBERILINS
Gibberlins are hormones that break dormancy and expand buds and flowers.
Define ABSCISIC ACID
Abscisic acid is a hormone used by plants and seed to go into dormancy.
Define GRAFTING
Grafting is the union of two or more plants into one single unit.
Define ROOTSTALK
The rootstalk is the part of the plant union that provides the roots.
Define SCION
The scion is the plant (cutting) that provides the foliage to the union.
Define PITH
Pith, or medulla, is a tissue in the stems of vascular plants. Pith is composed of soft, spongy parenchyma cells, which store and transport nutrients throughout the plant.
Define AGRONOMY
Agronomy is the science of growing crops.
Define HORTICULTURE
Horticulture is the science and art of growing ALL plants (fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants).
Define VEGETABLE Plants
Vegetables are crops without seeds.
Define FRUIT Plants
Fruits are crops with seeds.
Define ANNUAL Plant
Annuals are plants that live for ONE season (not a year).
Define PERENNIAL Plant
Perennials are plants that live for more than one season.
Define BIENNIAL Plant
Biennials are plants that live for TWO years. They grow in season 1 and flower, form seed, and die in the next season. Example = Hollyhock
Define BIODYNAMICS
Biodynamics is a holistic, ecological, and ethical approach to farming, gardening, food, and nutrition.
Define SOIL
The soil is the medium used for growing plants.
Define BIOSOLIDS
Biosolids are a fungus that grows on roots.
Define FRIABLE
Friable soil is soil that has the crumbly texture (no till) ideal for successfully growing plants.
Define pH
PH (potential hydrogen), is the measure of the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of liquid solutions (soil solutes). The term translates the values of the concentration of the hydrogen ion.
Define MACRONUTRIENT
Macronutrients are chemical elements or substances (such as nitrogen or potassium) that are essential in relatively large amounts to the growth and health of a plant.
Define MICRONUTRIENT
Micronutrients are chemical elements or substances (such as Iron or Zinc) that are essential in minute amounts to the growth and health of a plant.
Define LAYERING
Layering is a means of plant propagation in which a portion of an above-ground stem grows roots while still attached to the parent plant and then detaches as an independent plant.
Define DIVISION
A division is a method of asexual plant propagation, where the plant (usually an herbaceous perennial) is broken up into two or more parts. Both the root and crown of each part is kept intact.
