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Plant Propagation and Greenhouse Production AGNR 122 > Asexual Prop Concepts-Test 2 > Flashcards

Asexual Prop Concepts-Test 2 Flashcards

Memorize important facts of asexual propagation.

1
Q

Name 4 reasons to use asexual plant propagation methods.

A
  1. Maintenance of Clones; 2. Avoidance of Long Juvenile Periods; 3. Propagation of Seedless Plants; 4. Economics.
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2
Q

What is a “Mother Plant?”

A

A mother plant is a source of cuttings to clone plants.

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3
Q

A “Mother Plant” should be propagated by seed. (True or False)

A

TRUE

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4
Q

What is the reason a “Mother Plant” should not be used indefinitely?

A

Mutation

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5
Q

Why is it better to propagate an orchid plant asexually?

A

An asexually propagated orchid will produce flowers sooner than one planted from seed. Some orchids take 10 years to bloom.

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6
Q

Genetic mutation of plants is bad. True or False

A

FALSE. Some genetic mutations are good, like the seedless Naval Orange.

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7
Q

Rooting hormone helps Totipotency. True or False

A

TRUE. Rooting hormone makes it easier to propagate.

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8
Q

Approximately 80% of plants propagated in the US are done by cuttings. True or False

A

TRUE

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9
Q

What is the term used to describe roots that form on the stem of a plant?

A

Adventitious roots.

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10
Q

Name the two transporting tissues inside vascular plants.

A

Xylem and Phloem

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11
Q

Name the cells that make up the outer layers of the plant stems and leaves.

A

Parenchyma cells

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12
Q

Herbaceous plants produce roots outside while woody plants usually produce them between the cambium and phloem. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Name 4 types of Stem Cuttings.

A
  1. Herbaceous; 2. Hardwood; 3. Semi-hardwood; 4. Softwood
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14
Q

Should hardwood cuttings be taken during dormancy or growing season?

A

Dormancy

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15
Q

Hardwood cuttings require a greenhouse or heat to root. TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE

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16
Q

Why are hardwood cuttings able to be stored for a long period of time?

A

Hardwood cuttings can be stored for a long period of time because they are rich in carbohydrates and will not transpire.

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17
Q

When is the best time to take semi-hardwood cuttings?

A

Semi-hardwood cuttings are best taken in early spring or summer from a new flush of growth.

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18
Q

Semi-hardwood cuttings need moisture. TRUE or FALSE.

A

TRUE

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19
Q

Where would you find softwood to make a cutting on a woody plant?

A

Softwood cuttings are taken from succulent young but rigid stems that are not woody.

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20
Q

When can you successfully take cuttings from herbaceous plants?

A

Anytime.

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21
Q

Herbaceous cuttings require bottom heat and humidity. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE.

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22
Q

Describe techniques for taking cuttings.

A
  1. Cut a uniform length; 2. Select a cutting with a terminal bud; 3. Cut just below the node; 4. Remove the bottom leaves to prevent rot.
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23
Q

Describe the steps used in the lab for propagating by cutting.

A
  1. Fill a flat 3/4 full with perlite; 2. Wash cuttings in soapy water and dry. 3. Take a final cut below the node; 4. Dip bottom of cutting in rooting hormone; 5. Stick the cutting in the perlite flat (not all the way to the bottom; 5. Label the flat with the plant name and date. 6. Place the flat on the misting bench in the greenhouse; 7. Create a propagation card.
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24
Q

Name 3 BMP’s for cuttings.

A
  1. Make cuttings a uniform length; 2. Keep cuttings moist in bucket or ice chest; 3. Wash cuttings with soapy water.
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25
Q

How can you eliminate pathogens from cuttings?

A

You can eliminate pathogens by soaking in Physan or a weak solution of bleach and water.

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26
Q

Viruses are not seed borne. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

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27
Q

What types of cuttings should be wounded before dipping in rooting hormone?

A

Hardwood cuttings should be wounded (smashed) to expose more of the cambium to the rooting hormone.

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28
Q

Polarity refers to what in planting cuttings?

A

Polarity refers to making sure that you are planting your cutting right side up. The shoot tip should be facing upward.

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29
Q

What material is used as rooting media for cuttings?

A

Perlite is the rooting media used for cuttings.

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30
Q

What do hormones do for plants?

A

Hormones control what each cell in a plant becomes (leaf, flowers, fruit, roots).

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31
Q

Temperature is considered a hormone to plants. TRUE or FALSE.

A

TRUE

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32
Q

Name the 4 major hormones for plants.

A
  1. Auxin; 2. Cytokinin; 3. Gibberellin; 4. Abscisic Acid
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33
Q

What is Auxin and what is it used for?

A

Auxin is a hormone used to initiate the formation of adventitious roots.

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34
Q

What is Cytokinin and what is it used for?

A

Cytokinin is a hormone found only in living tissue. It is essential in stimulating cell division.

35
Q

What is Gibberellin and what is it used for?

A

Gibberellins are homones that are important in propagating plants from seeds. They also break dormancy and expands buds/flowers.

36
Q

What is Abscisic Acid and what is it used for?

A

Abscisic acid is a hormone used by plants and seeds to promote dormancy.

37
Q

What are the two parts that form the union in a graft?

A
  1. Rootstalk; 2. Scion
38
Q

The characteristics of the rootstock are not passed on to the scion. TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE

39
Q

Give 5 reasons for grafting.

A
  1. Change the stature of a mature plant; 2. Increase disease or climatic resistance; 3. Aesthetic reasons; 4. Save a plant that has been damaged; 5. Propagate a plant; 6. Have more than one variety on the same plant; 7. Increase productivity, hasten maturity and fruit production.
40
Q

Name two ways to change the stature (size) of a mature plant.

A
  1. Graft a normal sized plant onto a dwarf rootstock; 2. Graft a dwarf plant onto a rootstock that will maintain the small stature.
41
Q

What is the reason to graft heirloom tomatoes onto a hybrid rootstalk?

A

High quality heirloom tomatoes are susceptible to a variety of diseases. Grafting onto a hybrid rootstock provides immunities to diseases.

42
Q

Name 5 parts that make up the layers of a vascular woody stem.

A
  1. Bark; 2. Pith; 3. Cambium; 4. Xylem; 5. Phloem
43
Q

Name 6 types of grafts.

A
  1. Cleft or Wedge; 2. Splice; 3. Saddle; 4. Topworking; 5. Chip or Bud; 6. Veneer
44
Q

How many growing seasons do we have and what are they?

A

There are two growing seasons and they are the warm-dry season and cool-moist season.

45
Q

Which two months should you not plant in for fruits/vegetables?

A

You should not plant in July and August.

46
Q

Which months are considered the cool season?

A

The cool season is October through April.

47
Q

Which months are considered the warm season?

A

The warm season is May through September.

48
Q

What parts of the plant do we eat on vegetables?

A

We eat the roots, shoots, leaves, and flower buds of vegetables.

49
Q

During which season do you use the multiple crop planting system?

A

The cool season uses a multiple crop planting system.

50
Q

Vegetables are crops without seeds. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

51
Q

How many times will you need to fertilize your crops in the cool season?

A

Twice.

52
Q

How many times will you need to fertilize your crops in the warm season?

A

3-4 times

53
Q

Seed packets show the correct times to plant. TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE

54
Q

Grafted plants must be closely related. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

55
Q

The graft union should be planted less than 1 inch above the soil. TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE. The union should be 2-5 inches above ground.

56
Q

What type of soil is used for containers?

A

man-made/soiless

57
Q

Why is important to know your soil texture?

A

Soil texture determines how fast water moves through the soil and how well it holds moisture.

58
Q

What is the most important thing you can add to improve any soil?

A

Compost

59
Q

Tilling is good for the soil. TRUE or FALSE

A

FALSE.

60
Q

What are the 3 primary elements that make up natural soil?

A
  1. Sand; 2. Silt; 3. Clay
61
Q

How does mulching affect the temperature of the soil?

A

Mulch keeps the soil cooler in summer and warmer in winter.

62
Q

Which type of fertilizer is best for outdoor plants, liquid or solid?

A

Solid

63
Q

What are the 6 macronutrients for plants?

A
  1. Nitrogen; 2. Phosphorus; 3. Potassium; 4. Sulfur; 5. Calcium; 6. Magnesium
64
Q

Name 3 micronutrients for plant growth.

A
  1. Iron; 2. Manganese; 3. Copper; 4. Zinc; 5. Boron; 6. Chloride; 7. Molybdenum
65
Q

Plant nutrients are most available at what pH?

A

Neutral-7

66
Q

Sodium makes nutrients unavailable. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

67
Q

Which macronutrient is most for plants?

A

Nitrogen

68
Q

What does the N-P-K represent on fertilizer?

A

N= Nitrogen; P=Phosphorus; K=Potassium

69
Q

Which soil amendment is typically added to Basic/Alkaline soils to improve it?

A

Gypsum

70
Q

Why is nitrogen important to plants?

A

Nitrogen provides energy for photosynthesis.

71
Q

Where can nitrogen be found?

A

Nitrogen is found in the atmosphere and in dead things like compost.

72
Q

Why is phosphorus important to plants?

A

Phosphorus is important for cell division; making flowers and fruit.

73
Q

Where can phosphorus be found?

A

Phosphorus is found in rocks.

74
Q

Why is potassium important to plants?

A

Potassium promotes root development and supports systems like metabolism.

75
Q

Where can potassium be found?

A

Potassium is found in rocks.

76
Q

What is the importance of sulfur for plants?

A

Sulfur supports metabolism.

77
Q

Where can sulfur be found?

A

Sulfur is found in organic material.

78
Q

Why is calcium important for plants?

A

Calcium provides strength to the cell walls and is necessary for fruit, flowers, and seeds.

79
Q

Where is calcium found?

A

Calcium is found in soil and organic material.

80
Q

Why is magnesium important to plants?

A

Magnesium supports respiration (ion pump) and helps with absorption of calcium.

81
Q

Where is magnesium found?

A

Magnesium is found in rocks/soil. Epsom salt is magnesium.

82
Q

Which Western Sunset Garden Zone is Victor Valley College in?

A

Zone 11

83
Q

Which USDA zone is Victor Valley College located in?

A

Zone 8b

Plant Propagation and Greenhouse Production AGNR 122 (2 decks)

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