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Asexual and sexual reproduction Flashcards

0
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

The 2 members of a pair of chromosomes

contains genes for the same traits

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1
Q

Gametogenesis

A

Formation of gametes (eggs and Sperm )

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2
Q

Diploid number

A

The number of chromosomes found Ina couple set of chromosomes found j all body cells
2n

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3
Q

Haploid number (monoploid)

A

1/2 the diploid number of chromosomes

Found in eggs and sperm

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4
Q

Gametes

A

Eggs and sperm

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5
Q

Gonads

A

Specialized organs In higher animals where the gametes are made

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6
Q

Ovaries

A

Females gonads

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7
Q

Placental mammals

A

Young develop in the mother

Have birth or naval cord

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9
Q

Testes

A

Male gonads

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10
Q

Marsupial mammals

A

Young develop in a pouch outside mother

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11
Q

Monotremes

A

Eggs laying mammals

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12
Q

Uterus

A

Organ in a females where the zygote becomes attached and the embryo is emplaned

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13
Q

Placenta

A

Organ which temporarily attaches the embryo to the inner wall of the uterus

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14
Q

Aquatic vertebrates

A

Fertilization and development is external

Lay eggs with no parental care

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15
Q

Reptiles

A

Fertilization occurs internally
Development occurs externally
Lay eggs with little parental care

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16
Q

Birds

A

Internal fertilization
External development
Lay eggs with much parental care

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17
Q

Umbilical cord

A

Attaches embryo to the placenta

Contains 2 arteries and a vein

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18
Q

Amnion

A

Contains fluid which protects the embryo agains mechanical or physical injury

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19
Q

Mammary glands

A

Produce milk for nutrition in the newborn

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20
Q

After birth

A

Discharge of the umbilical cord and placenta after birth (1/2 to 2hrs)

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21
Q

Cleavage

A

Rapid cell division of the zygote after fertilization until the blastula stage is reached
No increase in zygote size occurs
Since mitosis forms these cells, each formed will have the same genetic information

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22
Q

Blastula

A

Hollow ball surrounded by a single layer of cells

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23
Q

Gastrula

A

A 2 layered and then a 3 layered structure which results form indentation of one sided the blastula

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24
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outer layer

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25
Q

Mesoderm

A

Middle term

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26
Q

Endoderm

A

Inner layer

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27
Q

Aging

A

Come series. Of development changes which occur with the passage of time

28
Q

Death

A

Irreversible end of all brain functions

29
Q

Testes

A

Make and store sperm

30
Q

Scrotum

A

Saclike pouch which houses the testes

1-2 degree Celsius below normal body temperature

31
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Carries and stores sperm from the testes

32
Q

Epididymis

A

Temporary storage organ for the sperm at the beginning of Vas Deferens

33
Q

Vas Deferens

A

tube which carries the Soren past 3 lubricating glands

34
Q

Vasectomy

A

Removal or tie up of the vas Deferens

35
Q

Prostate glands

A

Produces an alkaline fluid which neutralizes the urine in the urethane

36
Q

Urethra

A

Opening of the penis

37
Q

Penis

A

Releases the semen

38
Q

Semen

A

Liquid loaded with sperms

39
Q

Ejaculation

A

The release of semen

40
Q

Ovaries

A

2 near the midline back
Fully developed by puberty
Produces eggs

41
Q

Oviducts

Fallopian tubes

A

Muscular contractions of the oviduct and and beating of its cilia ovum into the oviduct

42
Q

Uterus

A

Spongy bed in which the zygote will become implanted and develop
Fast riparian and further embryonic development occurs here

43
Q

Cervix

A

Narrow neck of the uterus

Cancer is called PAP smear detects

44
Q

Vagina

A

Opening to the outside of the body

45
Q

Testosterone

A

Produces by the testes

Stimulates sperm productions and secondary sex characteristics development in the male

46
Q

Progesterone

A

Prepare the uterus for pregnancy

Produces by the ovaries

47
Q

Estrogen

A

Produced by the ovaries

Stimulates the development of the female secondary sex characteristics

48
Q

FHS

A

Follicle stimulating hormone
Produces by the pituitary
Stimulates the development of the follicle

49
Q

LH

A

Lutenionizing hormone
Stimulates the development of the corpus Lutem
Produced by the pituitary

50
Q

Meiosis

A

Process which involves 1/2 the reduction division of chromosomes number

51
Q

Mitosis

A

Method of cell division in non sex cells

Involves one replication and one division of chromosome material so the chromosome number is produced by the same parent

52
Q

Interphase

A

Resting phase

Chromosomes are replicated

53
Q

Chromatin

A

Chromosomes are not distinguishable under a light microscope

54
Q

3 parts of interphase

A

G1: growth one phase(organelles grow) 4hrs
S:synthesis phase(replication of chromosomes material) 10hrs
G2: more organelle and cell growth (4 hrs)

55
Q

Prophase

A

Centrioles begin to separate

56
Q

Centromere

A

Center or chromosome hold the chromatid together

57
Q

Metaphase

A

Centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell connected by spindle fibers

58
Q

Anaphase

A

Centromeres replicate and each double chromosomes separates to form two chromosomes

59
Q

Telophase

A

Spindle apparatus disappears

New nuclear membrane begins to form

60
Q

Cancer

A

Uncontrolled cellular mitotic divisions

61
Q

Binary fission

A

Equal division of the cytoplasm and nucleus of an organism resulting in two new organisms

62
Q

Budding

A

Nucleus of an organisms cell divides equally but the cytoplasm divides unequally

63
Q

Regeneration

A

The development of an entire new organism from part of an original organism

64
Q

Sporulation

A

Produces spores-single specialized cells which are released from the parent

65
Q

Runners

A

Part of a plant that is growing falls into the soil and begins to germinate and grow offspring identical to the neighboring parent plant

66
Q

Vegetative propagation

A

Complete new plant develops from part of the original plant

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