Aseptic Technique Part 2 Flashcards
What are the 3 types of isolation procedures?
Administrative controls
Standard precautions
Transmission-based precautions.
Transmission-based precautions are to protect against which 3 types of transmission?
Contact
Droplet
Airborne tranmission
What are 4 examples of Administrative Controls?
Education–educate personel
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)–provided and used
Patient Care Equipment–constantly cleaning
Adherence to Precautions–evaluate how staff adheres.
Standard precautions are based on what 2 other types of precautions?
Universal precautions (UP) Body Substance Isolation (BSI)
What are the 7 standard precautions?
Hand hygiene Gloves Gown Mask Eye protection or face shield Safe injection practices Properly clean and disinfect or sterilize reusable equipment
3 Areas have been added to Standard Precautions. What are they?
Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
Safe injection practices
Masks for specific procedures
What are the 5 Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette Guidelines?
Education (employees and visitors)
Posted signs
Source control measures
Hand hygiene (cough into tissue, discard, wash)
Spatial separation (Keep a distance as much as possible when someone is sick.)
Contact precautions prevent transmission of infectious agents…how?
What kind of room?
What precautions do staff and visitors take?
Prevent spread by direct or indirect contact.
Single-pt room
Gown and gloves..all interactions.
Contact Precaution Guidelines. Use of PPE Pt Transport Pt-care Equipment Home-care setting
PPE–wear gloves and gown when entering room, touching skin, and items within close proximity of pt.
Limit transport.
Contain or cover infected areas of pt’s body.
Don clean PPE to transport.
handle according to standard precautions.
Use disposable or dedicated use equip. If must, clean and disinfect multi-pt equip.
Leave equip @ the home or clean before you put it in the car.
Droplet Precautions For use with whom? Ambulatory settings PPE use Pt Transport
Pts with known or suspected pathogens transmitted via droplets.
Place in examination room ASAP. Instruct pt on respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette.
Don a mask upon entry.
No eye protection recommendations.
Limit transport to medically necessary purposes.
Pt dons a mask–respiratory hygiene//cough etiquette education.
No mask for med personnel transporting.
Airborne precautions and guildelines.
What is AIIR?
What kind of room?
If an AIIR isn’t available, what kind of equipment do we use?
Airborne Infection Isolation Room…the air is turned over 12x’s an hour. (6 in older hospitals.)
N95 respirators or masks
Airborne precautions and guidelines.
Ambulatory settings
Administrative Controls
PPE
Systems upon entry identify pts w precautions.
Restricts susceptible employees from entry, even if a respirator is in use (measles, chickenpox, small pox)
Wear fit-tested National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) N95 or higher respirator for pts w/ tuberculosis, small pox
Name the 5 different classes of apparel.
Scrub suits or gowns Mask Glasses, goggles, face shields Nonsterile gloves Caps, beard coves, shoe covers
Tuberculosis
Attacks what? Symptom problem. How many new cases each year? How many deaths/year How are USA numbers compared to the rest of the world? Precautions? Tested how often?
Lungs Can be exposed and not show symptoms 8,000,000 new cases 3,000,000 deaths. Decreased numbers in the USA. Standard precautions + Specialized TB masks fitted to each employee's face. Skin test annually
Tuberculosis
How is it spread? Pts w TB are in what type of rooms? How does the room work? CDC recommends the air recycles how often? What happens to cycled air?
By air from people w active TB in sneezes, coughs, spit, or talk.
Negative pressure rooms
They maintain a flow of air into the room to prevent contaminants from reaching other areas.
6-12x’s per hr.
Air is filtered through a HEPA filter before being exhausted to the outside air.
Hepatitis B Attacks what? What are its consequences? How is it spread? Precautions? Recommendation for healthcare workers How long is the vaccine good?
Attack liver
Lifelong infection, cirrhosis of liver, liver cancer, liver failure, death.
Spread through blood/bodily fluid (sex, needs, birth, sweat)
Standard universal precautions
Vaccination.
23 years.
MRSA
(recently had a problem ith this being spread through sweat, shared towells)
What does it stand for?
How is it spread?
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus.
Contact with hands…
infected pts
infected personnel
devices, items, or surfaces contaminated w body fluids.
MRSA
Contact precautions
Equipment precautions
What kind of room?
Transport
gloves, masks, gowns, hand washing.
Dedicate equipment and gait belt to pt.
Multi-use equipment cleaned and laundry appropriately.
Isolation room.
Limit mvt and transport of pt outside room.
C-Diff
What is it? What does it cause? TransmissioN? Smell? Precautions What kind of rooms?
Clostridium Difficile
Common cause of antibiotic-associated (long-term w antibiotics) diarrhea.
Spread through feces.
Very fowl smell
Contact Precautions–Gloves, Gown, Single pt equipment (gait belt)
Private room
VRE
What is it? Where are they normally found? What are symptoms or consequences (can't tell) Precautions? What kind of room?
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
Enterococci are normally found in the body.
Infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream, or of wounds assoc w catheters or surgical procedures.
Contact precautions–glove, gowns, private room, equipment considerations.
