aseptic technique

Question 1

what is defined by the absence of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms in living tissue

Answer 1

asepsis

Question 2

what is defined by the destruction of most pathogenic microorganisms on living objects (e.g. washing hands, prepping the patients site)

Answer 2

antisepsis

Question 3

what is defined by the destruction of most pathogenic microorganisms on inanimate objects (e.g. spraying down the surgical table)

Answer 3

disinfection

Question 4

what is defined by the destruction of all microorganisms on inanimate objects (e.g. autoclave packs)

Answer 4

sterilization

Question 5

sterilization techniques

Answer 5

steam
chemical
gas plasma
ionizing radiation
cold chemical

Question 6

what are the four classifications relative to level of contamination

Answer 6

1. clean
2. clean-contaminated
3. contaminated
4. dirty

Question 7

what classification is a surgical procedure in which resp, GI, urogenital, & oropharyngeal tracts are not entered

Answer 7

clean

Question 8

CLEAN
infection rate:
example procedure:

Answer 8

< 5%
simple mass removal or elective orthopedic procedures

Question 9

what are factors to consider for antimicrobial use in a clean surgery?

Answer 9

environment - time
patient - breed, species, age, weight
disease process
surgical procedure

Question 10

antimicrobial prophylaxis

Answer 10

• administration before contamination or infection of surgical site
• empirical selection
• source of potential contamination

Question 11

what is the goal of antimicrobial prophylaxis

Answer 11

achieve and maintain inhibitory concentrations at incision site for duration of the procedure

Question 12

what are the 2 most common prophylactic antibiotics

Answer 12

cefazolin
cefoxitin

Question 13

what classification is a surgical procedure when resp, GI or UG tracts entered under controlled conditions

Answer 13

clean-contaminated

Question 14

CLEAN-CONTAMINATED
infection rate:
example procedure:

Answer 14

5-10%
simple enterotomy or cystotomy without a UTI

Question 15

in what wound classifications will you always use some type of antimicrobials

Answer 15

clean-contaminated
contaminated
dirty

Question 16

what factors to consider when stopping antimicrobials in a clean-contaminated surgery

what would you do for a clean and clean-contaminated procedures with no sig risk factors?

Answer 16

degree of contamination
location of problem

stop immediately after surgery

Question 17

what are the consequences of unnecessary post-op abx?

Answer 17

masked early signs of visceral dehiscence
unnecessary cost
adverse effects (altered microbiome)

Question 18

what classification is freshly traumatized wounds or a surgical procedure when there is spillage of GI or UG contents into abdominal cavity

Answer 18

contaminated

Question 19

CONTAMINATED
infection rate:
example procedure:

Answer 19

> 20%
open long bone fracture, oral cavity or perianal/perineal procedures

Question 20

what is the indication for antimicrobial use in contaminated procedures?

Answer 20

use them!

Question 21

what defines an “infection” and what is the “golden period”

Answer 21

> 10^5 bacteria/gram of tissue
6-8 hours

Question 22

when does a surgical site infection (SSI) occur

Answer 22

within 30 days of surgery
or up to 1 yr if a permanent implant is placed

Question 23

what classification has an established infection, traumatized wounds with devitalized tissue and/or fecal contamination

Answer 23

dirty

Question 24

DIRTY
example procedure:
indication for antimicrobials?

Answer 24

abscess, septic peritonitis

use them!

Question 25

4 ways to prevent a SSI

Answer 25

1. identify high risk animals
2. adhere to aseptic principles
3. judicious use of antimicrobials
4. surveillance