Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VET301 > Aseptic surgical technique 2 > Flashcards

Aseptic surgical technique 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by the term disinfectant?

A

An agent that is lethal to vegetative organisms - not necessarily all of them though

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define the term antiseptic:

A

agent lethal to vegetative organisms but suitable for use IN living tissue (antiseptic can be a disinfectant but disinfectant is not necessarily an antiseptic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define the term bacteristatic:

A

agent that inhibits or arrests the growth of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define the term bactericidal:

A

an agent that kills bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define the term cleansing:

A

removal of visible contamination from surfaces - often employs the use of a detergent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define the term detergent:

A

a cleansing agent that acts on surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define the term sterile:

A

free from micro-organisms, Absolute term and only possible to attain on inanimate objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define the term sterilization:

A

complete destruction and removal of all forms of micro-organisms by use of physical or chemical agents - physical or chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Briefly describe how dry heat versus moist heat result in destruction:

A

Heat = denaturation or destruction of cellular proteins

Moist/wet heat = coagulation of critical cellular proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the effect of moisture on the time and temperature required?

A

Moisture reduces the time and temperature required (hastens denaturation of proteins by coagulating the cellular proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is boiling water considered to be a form of disinfecting or sterilization?

A

Destroy most vegetative forms of microbes - not effectively kill spores or microbes protected by dirt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is it not advisable to use boiling water for sharped edged instruments?

A

It will corrode them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the time and temperatures that are required for sterilization?

A

Routine instrument: 15 min at 121
Emergency: 3 min at 131
Linen packs: 30 min at 121

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the shelf life of the following materials single wrap muslin (2 layer), double wrap muslin (4 layers), single wrap crepe paper, “steripeel:.?

A

Single wrap - 1 wk, 2d
Double wrap - 7 wk, 3 wk
Single wrap crepe paper - 8 wk, 3 wk
Steripeel - 1 y, 1 y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the importance of a sterilization indicator on a pack?

A

need to know how long ago the package was sterilized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a potential disadvantage of using dry heat and for what materials might this be used?

A

The temperatures and time that are required for penetration are significantly longer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is radiation sterilization of used for?

A

Used to heat sensitive pharmaceuticals, heat sensitive surgical materials (graft implants) and plastic wrapped disposable items (syringes, catheters, needles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How fast is the effect of alcohol and how much residual effect do they have?

A

Bactericidal - have a rapid and immediate action however no residual effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the spectrum of activity of alcohols?

A

Very effective against vegetative bacteria but poor against spores, fungi and viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Should alcohols be used on open wounds?

A

No. Cytotoxic to open wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some uses of alcohols?

A

Suitable for skin defatting and preliminary disinfection (rapidly bactericidal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the free component of an iodine solution?

A

Active component of the iodophor - 10% iodophor solution provides 1% free iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the spectrum of activity of iodophors?

A

fungicidal, virucidal but not sporicidal

24
Q

What is the residual activity of iodophors?

A

less than one hour

25
Q

What are the uses for iodophors?

A

Iodine scrub/solution is effective as a skin disinfectant

Dilute solutions are suitable for wound lavage (high concentrations are known to be cytotoxic) and not as effective as chlorhexidine

26
Q

What is the spectrum of activity chlorhexidine?

A

good against bacteria - variable anti-fungal and anti-viral

27
Q

Outline the effect of the repeated use of chlorhexidine:

A

Binds to the stratum corneum and is not dislodged by alcohol - increased binding with repeated use - residual activity can last up to 2 days

28
Q

What is the effect of chlorhexidine on organic matter?

A

Effectiveness variably affected by presence of blood, pus and organic matter

29
Q

What is the uses of chlorhexidine?

A

2% stock solution in bottle

4% stock detergent

Surface disinfectant - diluted 1 in 4 to 0.5% has residual activity for several hours

suitable for wound lavage/tissue irrigation at low concentrations

30
Q

Rank alcohol, chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine in order of immediate effect:

A

Alcohol > chlorhexidine > povidone-iodine

31
Q

Rank alcohol, chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine in order of activity reduced by organic matter:

A

Alcohol > povidone-iodine > chlorhexidine

32
Q

Rank alcohol, chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine in order of activity reduced by residual activity:

A

Chlorhexidine > povidone-iodine > alcohol

33
Q

What is the activity of QAC’s?

A

bactericidal activity - fungicidal and protozoa

34
Q

What is the effect of organic matter on QAC’s?

A

They are inactivated by the presence of organic matter

35
Q

Are there any substances that QAC’s are incompatible with?

A

Inactivated by soaps and anionic compounds

36
Q

What is the main use of QAC’s?

A

primarily used for inanimate objects, table, floor cleaners, utensils

37
Q

What is the spectrum of activity for the aldehydes?

A

Bactericidal, fungicidal, sporicidal, and virucidal - however exposure times vary for these activities

38
Q

What is the effect of organic matter on the aldehydes?

A

These are not affected by organic matter

39
Q

What is a potential toxicity risk that is associated with the aldehydes?

A

Inhalation can lead to toxicity if ventilation is poor

40
Q

How are the aldehydes stored?

A

The aldehydes are most effective in alkaline environments however their shelf life is greatly reduced at these pHs - hence they come in an acidic solution which is activated to an alkaline at time of use

41
Q

What is the use of the aldehydes?

A

surface disinfection and sterilisation of instruments that are not suitable for other methods (e.g. fiberoptic)

42
Q

What is the spectrum of activity of sodium hypo-chlorinate?

A

Bactericidal, virucidal and fungicidal - no residual activity

43
Q

Under what circumstances is sodium hypochlorinate incompatible?

A

Very low temperatures and presence of ammonium compounds

44
Q

What are the uses of sodium hypochlorinate?

A

Dinfection of inanimate objects

45
Q

What is the spectrum of activity of ethylene oxide?

A

Excellent spectrum of activity (gram positive and gram negative)

46
Q

What is the effect of organic matter on ethylene oxide?

A

Activity is not affected by presence of organic matter

47
Q

What is incompatible with the use of ethylene oxide?

A

May damage rubber and plastic objects

Any polyvinyl chloride object previously sterilized by radiation should not be resterilised with ethylene oxide as it can result in formation of a highly toxic carcinogen.

48
Q

What should ethylene oxide be used on?

A

almost anything can be sterilised with ethylene oxide - usually reserved for things that are unable to be steam sterilised.

49
Q

What is the shelf life of things that have been sterilized with ethylene oxide?

A

one year for plastic packaged items (longer than steam)

50
Q

What is the spectrum of activity of hydrogen gas plasma?

A

Effective against broad range of items

51
Q

What wrapping is required for hydrogen peroxide?

A

Special Tyvek wrapping is required

52
Q

What are the two main phases of sterilization required for hydrogen peroxide gas plasma?

A
  1. Diffusion - aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide injected into a chamber
  2. Gas phase - hydrogen peroxide vapor is broken down into free radicles which then react to kill the micro-organism
53
Q

What is the effect of organic matter on gas plasma activity?

A

Activity is not affected by the presence of organic matter although items must be clean for contact

54
Q

Is their any incompatibilities regarding hydrogen peroxide?

A

No incompatibilities however items need to be dry

55
Q

What is the shelf life of something that has been sterilized by hydrogen peroxide gas plasma?

A

Shelf life of up to one year

VET301 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions