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204 Exam 1 > Asepsis & Infection Control > Flashcards

Asepsis & Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

smallest infectious agent

A

Viruses

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2
Q

single celled reproduced quickly

A

Bacteria

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3
Q

single celled found in soil (most do not cause disease)

A

Protozoans

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4
Q

complex cell structure (most do not cause disease

A

Fungi

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5
Q

cause disease

A

Parasites

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6
Q

What are the 5 microorganisms

A 
Viruses
Bacteria
Protozoans
Fungi
Parasites
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7
Q

What is in the chain of infection? (6 things)

A 
Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Host
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8
Q

Microorganisms need what to grow?

A

Proper temperature
pH
moisture level

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9
Q

animal, insect or human body where pathogen is growing (carrier, unaware of presence of pathogen)

A

Reservoir host

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10
Q

resistant to pathogens and the disease they cause

A

Immunity

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11
Q

If defenses are not functioning properly:

A

person will become susceptible to invasion and infection

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12
Q

What are the 3 lines of defense?

A

Intact skin
Normal flora
Staying healthy

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13
Q

the presence of a pathogen in or on the body

A

Infection

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14
Q

mechanisms to protect us against pathogens in general

A

Nonspecific defenses

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15
Q

Examples of nonspecific defenses

A 
Species resistance 
Mechanical barriers 
Chemical barriers 
Fever 
Inflammation 
Phagocytosis
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16
Q

naturally exposed to an antigen (usually long lasting) Best way to get immunity

A

Naturally acquired active

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17
Q

being injected with a pathogen (immunizations or vaccines)

A

Artificially acquired

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18
Q

immunity through his mother (short-lived)

A

Naturally acquired passive

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19
Q

immunity when person is injected with antibodies (short-lived, 2-3 weeks)

A

Artificially acquired passive

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20
Q

must spread to another host by some means of transmission

A

Means of transportation

21
Q

living organisms, insects or person

A

Vectors

22
Q

inanimate objects such as clothing, water, food

A

Fomites

23
Q

Susceptible host is determined by (8)

A

Age
Genetic predisposition
Nutritional status
Disease process
Stress levels
Hygiene habits, intact skin and mucous membranes
Healthy immune system: Use of steroids/biological drugs
Use of invasive or indwelling medical devices

24
Q

How do we break the chain of infection with etiologic agent?

A

Correctly cleaning, disinfecting or sterilizing articles before use

25
Q

condition in which pathogens are absent or controlled

A

Asepsis

26
Q

Clean technique - based on maintaining cleanliness to prevent spread of microorganisms

A

Medical asepsis

27
Q

reduction of the number of microorganisms, removing germs-not killing

A

sanitation

28
Q

destruction of infectious agents on an object except spores-chemicals to kill the germs—cannot kill spores (dormant bacteria)

A

disinfection

29
Q

removal of all microorganisms including spores

A

Sterilization

30
Q

Keep the surgical environment completely free of all microorganisms.

A

Surgical Asepsis

31
Q

examples of surgical asepsis (4)

A

inserting an indwelling catheter
administering an injection
surgical environment
inserting intravenous access

32
Q

What does OSHA Provide?

A

Exposure control Plan must be created
Training provided &must provide all PPE
Hep B vaccination for all HC workers

33
Q

an approach to infection control to treat all human blood and certain human body fluids as if they were known to beinfectious.

A

Universal Precautions definition per OSHA

34
Q

Combination of Universal Precautions and rules to reduce the risk of disease transmission. Used for the care of all patients, regardless of their diagnosis or presumed infection status.

A

Standard Precautions

35
Q

Donning PPE order

A

Gown
Mask
Goggles
Gloves

36
Q

Removing PPE order

A

Gloves
Goggles
Gown
Mask

37
Q

Signs of Localized Infection (5)

A

Localized swelling
Localized redness
Pain or tenderness with palpation or movement (gloves)
Palpable heat in the infected area
Loss of function of the body part affected

38
Q

Signs of Systemic Infection (5)

A

Fever
Increased pulse and respiratory rate if the fever high
Malaise and loss of energy
Anorexia and, in some situations, nausea and vomiting
Enlargement and tenderness of lymph nodes that drain the area of infection

39
Q

Signs of infection from the lab

A 
Elevated WBC count- neutrophylls, lymphocytes
Elevated ESR (erythroycyte sedimentation rate)
40
Q

an infection that occurs as a result of a treatment or diagnostic procedure

A

Iatrogenic

41
Q

when the causative organism is acquired from other people (salmonella, fungal infection)

A

Exogenous

42
Q

Urinary Tract
Surgical or Traumatic Wounds
Respiratory Tract
Bloodstream

A

Sites for HAIs

43
Q

Interval between the pathogen entering the body & the presentation of the first finding

A

Incubation

44
Q

Interval from onset of general findings to more distinct findings; during this time, the pathogen multiplies

A

Prodromal stage

45
Q

Interval when findings specific to the infection occur

A

illness stage

46
Q

Interval when acute findings disappear, total recovery taking days to months

A

Convalescence

47
Q

Droplet precautions

A

> 5mcg
travel 3-6 ft from client
strepth, pneumonia

48
Q

Airborne precautions

A

smaller than 5 mcg
N95
measles, varicella

204 Exam 1 (7 decks)

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