ASD Flashcards
What is echolalia?
Types
•Immediate
•Delayed (more than two conversational turns later)
•Mitigated (copies it but changes it slightly)
Functions •Indicate lack of understanding •To take a turn •To request •To reject
Echolalia is also an expressive language function of typically developing children used to develop sentence structure.
Echolalia is a frequent characteristic of children with autism •Echolalia not exclusive to autism
•Poor receptive language associated with high level of immediate echolalia
High receptive language associated with high level of mitigated echolalia.
What are some assessment questions for checking for ASD?
Is he bringing me things to share?
•Does he look at me when he brings me things to share?
•If he brings me something to share and I am ‘busy’ what does he do?
Does he ever put my hand on something he wants me to operate or act on?
•What does he do if I don’t act on it?
•If I have a tempting item and hold it out, will he look at me, what about if I hold onto the item?
•What does he do in a group of children (playgroup? at the park?) •Will he approach unfamiliar people, if so, how does he do this?
What is mitigated echolalia?
Expansion
Reduction
Syntactic editing
Combinations of above
Adult: Maybe this boy’s having a ride on there/
Child: He’s having ride on there/ (syntactic editing)
Is he going to ride on there/ (syntactic editing)
Three people ride on there/ (reduction)
Look they having ride on there/
Discuss word learning in echolalia.
Underextensions’, neologisms and idiosyncratic language. •Pronominal reference
Lack of flexibility; context bound
Shallow semantic development
Children with ASD usually display atypical behaviours in what speech acts?
Requesting action Requesting answer Calling Protesting Labelling Practising
What are some conservative claims for intervention techniques?
Gentle teaching •Sensory integration therapy •Music therapy •Cranial osteopathy •Physical exercise •Psychotherapy •Pharmacological treatments (e.g. Haloperidol, Fenfluramine, Naltrexone, Clomipramine, Clonidine, Methylphenidate) •Dietary and vitamin treatments
What are some miracle claims for ASD interventions?
Auditory integration training (AIT) •The Option method •Scotopic sensitivity training •Holding therapy •Facilitated Communication •Pet therapies •The Doman-Delacato method •Higashi schools and Daily Life Therapies •Intensive Behavioural Programmes
What impairments in communication can ASD children present with?
Delay in, or total lack of, the development of spoken language (not accompanied by an attempt to compensate through alternative modes of communication such as gesture or mime);
b) in individuals with adequate speech, marked impairment in the ability to initiate or sustain a conversation with others;
c) stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language;
d) Lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or social imitative play appropriate to developmental level
What are some social impairments in children with ASD?
- qualitative impairment in social interaction, as manifested by at least two of the following:
a) marked impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviours to regulate social interaction (eye-gaze; facial expression, body postures and gestures)
b) Failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental level;
c) A lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment , interest, or achievements with other people (e.g. showing, bringing or pointing out objects of interest)
d) Lack of social or emotional reciprocity
What are some behaviours displayed by children with ASD?
Restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviour, interests, and activities, as manifested by at least one of the following:
a) Encompassing preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest that is abnormal either in intensity or focus;
b) Apparently inflexible adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals;
c) Stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (e.g. hand or finger flapping or twisting or complex whole body movements); d)Persistent preoccupation with parts of objects
