ASCP AI MICRO Flashcards

1
Q

What does ASCP stand for?

A

American Society for Clinical Pathology

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2
Q

True or False: Microbiology is the study of organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary staining technique used to differentiate bacteria is called _______.

A

Gram staining

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4
Q

What are the two main types of bacteria based on their cell wall structure?

A

Gram-positive and Gram-negative

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5
Q

Which organism is commonly associated with urinary tract infections?

A

Escherichia coli

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6
Q

What is the purpose of a culture medium in microbiology?

A

To provide nutrients for the growth of microorganisms

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7
Q

True or False: Viruses are considered living organisms.

A

False

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8
Q

What is the term for the minimum temperature required to kill a specific microorganism?

A

Thermal death point

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9
Q

Which of the following is NOT a method of sterilization? (a) Autoclaving (b) Filtration (c) Refrigeration

A

Refrigeration

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10
Q

What is the role of a microbiologist?

A

To study microorganisms and their effects on humans, animals, plants, and the environment

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of transferring bacteria from one medium to another is called _______.

A

Inoculation

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12
Q

What is the primary purpose of antimicrobial susceptibility testing?

A

To determine the effectiveness of antibiotics against specific bacteria

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13
Q

True or False: Fungi are prokaryotic organisms.

A

False

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14
Q

What type of bacteria can survive in extreme environments, such as high temperatures or salinity?

A

Extremophiles

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15
Q

Which test is used to identify the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear

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16
Q

What is the significance of the Kirby-Bauer test?

A

It assesses the susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics.

17
Q

Fill in the blank: The enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide in bacteria is called _______.

18
Q

What is a biofilm?

A

A structured community of microorganisms encased in a self-produced polymeric matrix.

19
Q

True or False: All bacteria are harmful to humans.

20
Q

What type of cell division do bacteria undergo?

A

Binary fission

21
Q

Which laboratory technique is used to isolate pure cultures of bacteria?

A

Streak plating

22
Q

What is the primary function of the bacterial cell wall?

A

To provide structural support and protection.

23
Q

Fill in the blank: The term for bacteria that require oxygen for growth is _______.

24
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria that can carry antibiotic resistance genes.

25
Which microorganism is used in the production of yogurt?
Lactobacillus
26
What is the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic?
An epidemic is a sudden increase in cases within a specific area, while a pandemic is a global outbreak.