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ASCBC PHASE 1 AND 2 > ASCBC DAY 2 TEST > Flashcards

ASCBC DAY 2 TEST Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the key Provisions of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty (3)

A
  1. Does not define where air ends and “Outerspace” begins
  2. Prohibits placing Nuclear Weapons or other WMDs in Orbit around earth (but can send these outside of earths orbit)
  3. Celestial bodies shall be used exclusively for peaceful purposes
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2
Q

Is there an agreement delineating the boundary at which airspace ends and outerspace begins?

A

NO, there is not

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3
Q

According to the 1972 Liability Convention, if a satellite crashes back to Earth resulting in damage, who is responsible for the damage?

A

The launching State, meaning the physical country the launch took place

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4
Q

Which document states our right to an “Anticipatory and Preemptive” first strike if we feel our space systems are threatened?

A

US National Space Policy - June 2020 to Present

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5
Q

What are the 3 key points regarding Space outlined by the 2017 National Security Strategy?

A
  1. Advance Space as a priority domain
  2. Promote Space Commerce
  3. Maintain lead in Exploration
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6
Q

What is JP 3-14

A

Joint Publication 3-14 is Space Operations

It is our

  • Joint Space Operations Doctrine Document
  • gives guidance for Space Doctrine development to the Service Component Commands

10 April 2018, change in 26 OCT 2020

Extra: provides military guidance for the exercise of authority by combatant commanders and other joint forces commanders and prescribes joint doctrine for operations, education and training

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7
Q

What are 2 key takeaways regarding Joint Space Operations? (think JP 3-14)

A
  1. Defines Space Operations and Associated Capabilities

2. Discusses Command and Control of Joint Space Operations

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8
Q

What is FM 3-14

A

Army Space Operations, 30 OCT 2019

The Army Specific space doctrine, provides guidance for space capabilities in land operations

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9
Q

What are 2 key takeaways regarding Army Space Operations (FM 3-14)?

A
  1. Describes Army Space Forces and their roles and responsibilities.
  2. Establishes guidance for employing space capabilities to support Unified Land Operations.
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10
Q

Space Systems are different and therefore more expensive to acquire that traditional DOD systems for 3 primary reasons, what are they?

A
  1. multiple components that require a long time to develop: These systems do not always work well together
  2. Expensive and need to withstand: This is normally not a commercial off the shelf solution (COTS)
  3. One shot to get it right: After launch, it is essentially impossible to make hardware changes
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11
Q

How are operators/ users important to the acquisitions process? USERS

A

Determine the requirement for need

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12
Q

How are operators/ users important to the acquisitions process? ACQUIRERS

A

Deliver what the operator needs

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13
Q

How are operators and acquirer important to the acquisitions process? IMPACT

A

if the operator and acquirer are not working very closely together throughout the acquisitions, it is almost certain that the new system either will not meet the needed capability or will cost more than necessary

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14
Q

Acquisition programs are categorized by what?

A

COST

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15
Q

What acquisition category (ACAT) are more DOD systems?

A

ACAT 1

The MDA is Space (not sure if this is relevant

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16
Q

Why does the military prefer the evolutionary approach to the single step approach for space systems?

A

Single step means the user will not receive capability of product during development…Advanced technology shall the integrated into producible systems and deployed in the shortest time practical. Approved, time-phased capability needs matched with available technology and resources enable evolutionary acquisition strategies.

Evolutionary acquisition strategies are the preferred approach to satisfy operational needs.

Evolutionary approach adds new technology to satellites as it becomes available which makes it available for use as soon as all acquisition segments catch up to the required technological level.

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17
Q

the ______ is the purpose of a satellite and drives subsystem requirements

A

Payload

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18
Q

What is the function of the Navigation Guidance Control (NGC) Subsystem?

A

Keeps the spacecraft in its intended orbit (for the BUS)

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19
Q

What is the function of the Attitude Determination and Control Subsystem (ADACS)?

A

Responsible for the pointing and direction of the sensor/ payload (for payload)

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20
Q

_________ - primary power source used for satellites orbiting earth

A

Solar Energy

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21
Q

_______ most common for crewed systems such as ISS

A

Chemical systems

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22
Q

_______ commonly used for interplanetary travel

A

Nuclear Systems

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23
Q

Which of Newtons laws describe how a rocket works?

A

3rd Law; for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

think a rocket thrust…

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24
Q

What launching method delivers more payload to orbit for a given sized launch vehicle?

Why?

A

Staging (think serial staging vs. parallel staging)

Eliminates unneeded mass making the vehicle lighter (due to thrusters, original rockets dropping off)

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25
Q

What is liquid propellant used for? (3)

A
  • manned missions
  • space craft propulsion
  • attitude determination
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26
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of liquid propellant?

A

Advantages:

  • can throttle and restart
  • has a very high thrust
  • controllable

Disadvantage:

  • Not storable on a rocket
  • complex
  • expensive
  • explosive hazard
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27
Q

What is Solid propellant used for?

A

Used for strategic (ICBM) and Tactical Missiles (Patriot)

28
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Solid Propellant?

A

Advantages:

  • storable
  • high thrust
  • inexpensive

Disadvantages:

  • can’t throttle
  • can’t stop/ restart
  • difficult to vector thrust
29
Q

What is the greatest factor that determines the LENGTH of the launch window?

A

Length of launch window is determined by Booster Performance (bigger/ more ‘rocket’)

30
Q

What type of launces can be conducted from Cape Canaveral AFS (Florida)?

A

-Prograde (57, 28, 39)

31
Q

What type of launces can be conducted from Vandenberg AFB (CA)

A
  • Prograde (56)
  • Retrograde (104)
  • Polar (90)
32
Q

The number of direct launch opportunities per day is based on what characteristics of the launch?

A

Inclination determines direct launch opportunities

33
Q

How many launches do I get if my orbit inclination is greater than my launch site latitude?

A

2 launches per day

34
Q

How many launches do I get if my orbit inclination is equal to the launch site?

A

one launch per day

35
Q

how many launches do I get if my orbit inclination is at 0 degrees?

A

None, ever.

36
Q

What are the only 2 companies authorized to launch United States government payloads?

A
  • United Launch Alliance (ULA) (Joint between Lockheed and Boeing)
  • SPACE-X
37
Q

The European Space Agency (ESA) launch site in French Guiana provides _____ payload advantage over Cape Canaveral AFS in Florida

A

15%

Due to location and proximity to the equatorial plane, they are able to take advantage of the Earths rotation –> velocity

38
Q

In-plane maneuvers only change the ______ of the orbit

A

Orbit size (semi-major axis)

39
Q

Out-of-Plane maneuvers are focused on changing this orbital parameter?

A

Inclination (Orbit tilt)

40
Q

Which maneuver is easier to accomplish, ‘in-plane or out-of-plane’?

A

In-plane are more efficient…think about how hard it is to exit a sharp turn than it is to exit going parallel … like a suicide lane.

41
Q

Name 5 reasons to perform an orbital rendezvous

A
  1. to fill a constellation
  2. to service an existing satellite
  3. to perform a conjunction (kill or negate a satellite)
  4. to perform defensive maneuvers
  5. . to ‘inspect’ an orbiting satellite
42
Q

to perform a co-orbital rendezvous, how does a trail satellite catch up with the target satellite?

A

by thrusting in the opposite direction, I will decrease my orbit size (my semi-major axis) thus slowing down and catching up.

Think about running on a track, outer track is where myself and the other sat. are located…i slow down, thus moving to the inner track (b/c gravity) and i now have a smaller area to run, but I am going the same speed as I was outside the track…now I will catch up to the sat I was ‘chasing’

43
Q

In proximity operations, what type of target interacts with the chase satellite to assist in updating relative position and velocity for guidance?

A

cooperative targets

Think about the Game Marco and Polo

44
Q

The steeper and faster the re-entry angle, the more accurate the landing. However, this also leads to greater ______ and ______ on the spacecraft

A
  1. deceleration

2. heating rates

45
Q

Drag is primarily dependent on ________ and ______ (ballistic coefficient)

A
  1. vehicle size
  2. shape

(think missiles have pointy heads…while reentry pods have flat faces)

46
Q

United States Government space organizations fall into what 3 categories?

A
  1. Military: USAF, USA, USN
  2. IC (Intelligence) NRO, NGA, NSA
  3. Civil: DOC (NOAA), NASA, DOI (USGS), DOT (FAA), DOE
47
Q

What are the 4 functional Combatant Commands that have global responsibility?

A
  1. CYBERCOM
  2. SOCOM
  3. STRATCOM
  4. TRANSCOM
48
Q

USSPACECOM is what type of Combatant Command?

A

Geographical

49
Q

What are the 4 operations centers that fall under the CFSCC (combined forces space component command)?

A
  1. Combined Space Operations Center
  2. Joint Navigation Warfare Center
  3. Joint Overhead Persistent Infrared Center
  4. Missile Warning Center
50
Q

What is the role of the SMDC Commander —> as they Army Service Component Commander (ASCC) to the USSTRATCOM and the USSPACECOM?

A

Force Provider

51
Q

The commander of the SMDC is also the Commander of what Joint Functional Component Command (JFCC)?

A

JFCC-IMD: JFCC-Integrated Missile Defense

52
Q

What report directed the creation of a space cadre?

A

Space Commission Report

53
Q

Why does the Army Maintain a Space Cadre? (3)

A
  1. fulfills congressional mandate
  2. DoD Directive
  3. Provides Efficiencies for the Army
54
Q

Who is eligible to be part of Space Cadre?

A

Soldiers and DA Civilians, who have documented training and experience in the space domain

55
Q

list the different operational Army Space Battalions that contain Space Cadre

A

1st SPACE BN:
-Missile Warning, Space Support Teams, Space Control Elements

53rd Signal BN: SATCON

56
Q

What is the 1st Space Brigades capability Areas?

A

To provide existing and emerging space capabilities

and

to provide in-theatre tactical ballistic missile Warning

Provide trained and ready space forces to conduct continuous global space enhancements, space support, and space control

(1st Space BN, 2nd Space BN, 117th Space BN)

57
Q

What is the 100th Missile Defense Brigades capability Areas?

A

Destroys Intercontinental ballistic missiles in midcourse, test bed activities in Alaska, CA, and CO

(45th Missile Defense BN)

58
Q

What is the mission of the 53rd Signal Battalion?

Who do they belong to?

A

Operate/ maintain the payloads DSCS and WGS (SATCON- Satellite payload control)

They now fall under Space Operation Brigade –> Space Force

59
Q

List some (4) significant contributions of Dr. Robert Goddard (Father of Modern Rocket propulsion)

A
  1. Gyroscopic control
  2. Steering by means of vanes (in the jet stream of the rocket motor)
  3. Gimbal - steering
  4. Power driven fuel pumps
60
Q

Dr. Werher von Braun developed the _____, which served as the basis for all future missiles and space launch vehicles. He is considered the _______ of the US Space Program

A
  1. V2 Rocket
  2. Chief Architect

(Designed the Jupiter C, first US rocket placed into orbit)

61
Q

President Eisenhower authorized the development of recon satellites, which eliminated what restriction experience by airborne ISR platforms?

A

overflight restrictions

62
Q

What are 2 of the original programs designed to provide high-altitude recon over the Soviet Union in the 1950s?

A
  1. Project Gentrix: Hot air balloon

2. U2 Dragon Lady: High - Altitude recon plane

63
Q

When did the US first launch a satellite into space?

What service launched it?

What year?

A

1958

US Army

Explorer 1 (satellite name) on Jupiter C (rocket)

64
Q

In 1961, Alan Shepard was launched into space in the Mercury Redstone 3 launch vehicle. This illustrated how early our space program paralleled our _________ program.

A

Ballistic Missiles

65
Q

How did Project Diana PROVE we could send signals through Earth’s Ionosphere, the theory of satellite communication, and missile tracking in 1946?

A

Bounced radio signals off the moon and receive the reflected signals, conducted by the Army Signal Corps.

  • Radio Waves could penetrate the Ionosphere
  • Radio communications w/ satellite
  • Radar Tracking of satellite and Ballistic missiles
66
Q

Identify the primary goals of the following Space Programs:

  1. Mercury
  2. Gemini
  3. Appolo
A
  1. Mercury: effects of space flight/ travel on humans
  2. Gemini: skills necessary to travel into space and back
  3. Apollo: How to get man to the moon and back
67
Q

What are the 4 primary space capabilities the Army Provides?

A
  1. Communications
  2. Missile Warning
  3. Missile Defense
  4. Space Control

ASCBC PHASE 1 AND 2 (9 decks)

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