ASAP Flashcards
Steps for an electrical signal to transfer across and synapse
Action Potential Arrival
Calcium Influx
Neurotransmitter Release
Neurotransmitter Diffusion
Binding to Receptors
Postsynaptic Response
Postsynaptic Integration
Calcium Influx
Voltage-gated calcium channels open, allowing calcium ions to enter the presynaptic terminal.
Neurotransmitter Release
Calcium influx triggers the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft.
Neurotransmitter Diffusion
Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
Binding to Receptors
Neurotransmitters bind to specific receptors, inducing conformational changes in the receptor proteins.
Postsynaptic Response
Depending on the type of receptor and neurotransmitter, the postsynaptic response can be either excitatory (EPSP) or inhibitory (IPSP).
Postsynaptic Integration
The sum of EPSPs and IPSPs determines whether an action potential is generated in the postsynaptic neuron.
Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscal Pathway
Carries touch, vibration, proprioception, and fine touch information.
Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) Pathway
Carries pain, temperature, and crude touch information.
Trigeminal Pathway
Carries sensation from the face.
Spinocerebellar Pathway
Carries proprioceptive information from the muscles, tendons, and joints to the cerebellum
beta 1 vs beta 2 receptors
beta 1 = heart
beta 2= bronchioels and arteries
alpha 1 vs alpha 2
alpha 1= Excitatory, found in smooth muscle of blood vessels and the eye
alpha 2=Generally inhibitory, found in the presynaptic terminals of adrenergic neurons. like digestion
Hydrostatic Pressure
Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given point within the fluid, due to the force of gravity.
Colloid Osmotic Pressure
the osmotic pressure exerted by proteins, notably albumin, in the blood plasma. It is created by the presence of large, non-diffusible molecules, which cannot cross the capillary wall.
Public health
focuses on the collective health of populations rather than individuals,
through the promotion of healthy lifestyles, research for disease and injury prevention and the section and control of infectious dieseases
Public health pyramid
specialist, acute and residential care
primary health and community care
health promotion and prevention
social determinants of health
Functions of Upper Respiratory Tract
Filtration
Humidification
Warming
Defence
Movement of air through airways
Oral Cavity/Nasal Cavity
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Larynx
Trachea
bronchus
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Lower respiratory functions
Gas exchange
Mucocilary clearance
Airflow regulation (smooth muscle control diameter of airways)
Airway Layers
Mucosa (innnermost)
Submucosa
Adventitia
Pleura
Double layered membrane surrounding lungs
Parietal pleura is the outerlayer
Visceral in the inner
Creates a fluid filled cavity to reduce friction during breathing movements
Accessory Respiratory Muscles
External intercostals
Internal intercostals
Sternocleidomastoid
Pectoral muscles
