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Chemistry - Level 2 > AS91164 Structure/Bonding > Flashcards

AS91164 Structure/Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

Ionic Solids

A

Solids composed of positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic attractions in a regular three dimensional crystalline arrangement.

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2
Q

Metallic Solids

A

Solids composed of metallic nuclei, held together by a sea of delocalised mobile electrons

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3
Q

Covalent Network

A

A 3D arrangement of strong directional covalent bonds between atoms that extends throughout the crystal lattice

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4
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms held together by co-valent bonds

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5
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

The attractive force between positive and negative ions, which form electrons when transferred from one atom to another

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6
Q

Metallic Bonds

A

A bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the sea of valence electrons around them

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7
Q

Covalent Bond

A

A type of strong chemical bond on which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons

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8
Q

Polarity

A

A separation of electric charge in positive and negative regions in a molecule forms a dipole

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9
Q

Electrical Conductivity

A

The ability of a material to transfer electricity through a material. Depends on the presence of moving particles

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10
Q

Ductile

A

Ability to be drawn into a wire. Needs non-directional bonds

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11
Q

Weak Intermolecular Bonding

A

Weak attractive forces between molecules from dipole-dipole interactions

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12
Q

Exothermic Reactions

A

Heat is released into from the system
Makes bonds
ΔEnthalpy is negative

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13
Q

Endothermic Reactions

A

Heat is taken into the system
Breaks bonds
ΔEnthalpy is positive

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14
Q

Solubility

A

In order for something to dissolve in a solvent, the new attractions formed between the solute and solvent must be strong enough to release sufficient energy to overcome the bonds between the molecules in the solute and between the molecules in the solvent.

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15
Q

Molecular solids only have…

A

…non-metal atoms like O2 or HCl

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16
Q

The m.p./b.p. of molecular solids

A

Low

17
Q

Solubility of molecular solids depends on…

A

Whether the molecules are polar or non-polar

18
Q

Do molecular solids conduct electricity?

A

No

19
Q

Ionic solids contain…

A

..one negative and positive ions

20
Q

The m.p./b.p. of ionic solids

A

High because of the electrostatic forces

21
Q

Are ionic solids soluble?

A

No, because they are neutrally charged

22
Q

Electrical conductivity in ionic solids depends on…

A

…whether the ionic solid is dissolved or not.
When they are dissolved, the ions are mobile.

23
Q

Ionic solids can fracture easily because…

A

When a force is applied the negatively-charged ions move over to a point where they no longer line up to a corresponding positively-charged ion, and instead line up with another negatively-charged ion. As like charges repel, the lattice structure shatters

24
Q

Metallic solids are made up of…

A

…metals only

25
Q

The m.p./b.p. of metallic solids

A

High as the bonds are strong

26
Q

Are metallic solids soluble in water?

A

No. Because the metallic bonds are unable to be overcome by the water molecules. What this means, is that the water molecules are unable to form strong enough bonds to the positively-charged metal nuclei to pull the metallic atoms apart.

27
Q

Are metallic solids electrically conductive?

A

Yes, because they have mobile electrons.

28
Q

Are metallic solids malleable and ductile?

A

Yes, because they have non-directional bonds. The attraction between positively-charged metal nuclei and negatively-charged delocalised electrons have no specific direction, and can therefore occur in any direction.

29
Q

Graphite is composed of…

A

…2D sheets of carbon

30
Q

Can graphite conduct electricity?

A

Yes, because they have delocalized electrons.

31
Q

Are diamonds and graphite soluble?

A

No, because they bonds are too strong to be overcome by water.

Chemistry - Level 2 (3 decks)

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