AS91159 - Gene Expression

Question 1

Anticodon

Answer 1

Three consecutive bases on the tRNA

Question 2

Codon

Answer 2

Three consecutive bases on the mRNA

Question 3

Deletion Mutation

Answer 3

A mutation on the DNA where a bases(s) is removed, resulting in a frame shift

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

Double stranded, helix shaped large molecule

Question 5

Enzyme

Answer 5

A protein which acts as a biological catalyst to speed up the rate of chemical reaction in an organism

Question 6

Frameshift

Answer 6

Change in bases that the ribosome reads

Question 7

Gene

Answer 7

A piece of DNA which codes for the making of a protein/feature

Question 8

Gene

Answer 8

A section of DNA which codes for the making of protein

Question 9

Gene Expression

Answer 9

The process where the instructions on our DNA are converted into a functional protein, includes transcription, translation and protein folding

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

The genetic make-up of an organism for a feature

Question 11

Insertion Mutation

Answer 11

The mutation on the DNA where a base(s) is added resulting in a frame shift

Question 12

Metabolic Pathway

Answer 12

A series of enzyme-controlled reactions, where the product of one reaction becomes the substrate of the next reaction

Question 13

Missense Mutation

Answer 13

A change of the base on the DNA which codes for a different amino acid. This may or may not alter the shape of the protein and there it’s function.

Question 14

mRNA

Answer 14

Messenger RNA. Made during transcription in the nucleus. Carries the instructions to the ribosome to make a polypeptide chain. CONTAINS CODONS

Question 15

Mutagen

Answer 15

Environmental factor which causes the mutation e.g. agent orange, X-rays, etc

Question 16

Mutation

Answer 16

A permanent change in the bases on the DNA

Question 17

Non-Sense Mutation

Answer 17

A change of the base on the DNA which changes the instructions, so a STOP codon occurs in the wrong place. Protein is greatly affected

Question 18

Peptide Bond

Answer 18

Bond formed between 2 amino acids during translation

Question 19

Phenotype

Answer 19

The physical appearance of a feature

Question 20

Point Mutation

Answer 20

A change of only one or a few bases on the DNA

Question 21

Protein

Answer 21

A substance made up of many amino acids joined together to form a polypeptide chain, which gets folded into a functional protein (enzymes are a type of protein)

Question 22

Redundancy

Answer 22

The fact that multiple codons code for the same amino acid, e.g. CCU, CCC, CCA, and CCG all code for the amino acid Pro

Question 23

RNA

Answer 23

Ribonucleic acid. A with U, G with C. Three types, tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA. Single stranded and shorter than DNA. Sugar is ribose.

Question 24

Same-Sense Mutation

Answer 24

A change of the base on the DNA where the bases still code for the same amino acid. This is due to the redundancy of the genetic code .

Question 25

Silent Mutation

Answer 25

A mutation that is neither favorable nor harmful, that remains in a population.

Question 26

Start Codon

Answer 26

The start signals on the mRNA which initiates translation. ALWAYS AUG - Methionine

Question 27

Stop Codon

Answer 27

These 3 codons on the mRNA (UAA, UAG, UGA) do not code for an amino acid, therefore, telling the ribosome where to stop translation.

Question 28

Substitution Mutation

Answer 28

A mutation where the base(s) on the DNA are swapped

Question 29

Transcription

Answer 29

The process by which DNA going to mRNA, occurs in the nucleus. Controlled by RNA polymerase.

Question 30

Translation

Answer 30

The process by which DNA going to mRNA, occurs in the cytoplasm on the ribosome.

Question 31

Triplet

Answer 31

Three consecutive bases on the DNA

Question 32

tRNA

Answer 32

Transfer RNA. Carries an amino acid to the ribosome. 3 Bases on the mRNA = and anticodon.