AS91156 - Cells

Question 1

Organelles

Answer 1

Units within cells that perform specific tasks required by the cell.

Question 2

Cell Membrane

Answer 2

Surrounds and protects the fluid inside a cell (cytoplasm).

Question 3

Selective Permeability

Answer 3

Only allows the transfer of certain materials into and out of the cell.

Question 4

Amphiphilic (Phospholipids)

Answer 4

Part of them is attracted to water (their heads) and part of them is repelled by water (their tails).

Question 5

Channel Proteins

Answer 5

Open on both ends and allow molecules to pass through freely (This is how molecules such as glucose enters a cell)

Question 6

Carrier Proteins

Answer 6

Open to one side of the membrane at a time and they often require energy to transport molecules.

Question 7

Active Site

Answer 7

A specific shaped part of an enzyme where the substrate fits

Question 8

Active Transport

Answer 8

The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high which requires energy

Question 9

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 9

Respiration in the presence of oxygen

Question 10

Anabolic Enzyme

Answer 10

An enzyme that takes small molecules and joins them together

Question 11

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 11

Respiration with limited oxygen

Question 12

Catabolic Enzyme

Answer 12

Catabolic enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions that break down larger complex molecules into smaller units.

Question 13

Cell Wall

Answer 13

Rigid layer of cells found only in plants

Question 14

Chlorophyll

Answer 14

Pigment found in plants which gives the plant its green color

Question 15

Chloroplast

Answer 15

Site of photosynthesis

Question 16

Cristae

Answer 16

Part of mitochondria (folds) electron transfer chain occurs

Question 17

Denature

Answer 17

The changing in the shape of the active site of an enzyme, so he substrate can no longer fit - caused by high temperatures and incorrect pH

Question 18

Diffusion

Answer 18

The movement of materials from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 19

DNA Replication

Answer 19

The copying of DNA before the cell divides

Question 20

Enzymes

Answer 20

Biological catalysts which are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions in an organism

Question 21

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 21

A form of passive transport where molecules move across the cell membrane through the membrane proteins - specific to large molecules such as glucose, polar molecules, such as water or ions, such as Na+

Question 22

Flaccid

Answer 22

A cell that is limp and floppy

Question 23

G1 of Cell Cycle

Answer 23

The stage in the cell grows and does its job

Question 24

G2 of Cell Cycle

Answer 24

The stage in the cell cycle where the replicated chromosomes are checked for mistakes

Question 25

Golgi Body

Answer 25

Part of a cell where proteins are modified and packaged

Question 26

Grana

Answer 26

Part of chloroplast where the light stage occurs

Question 27

Hypertonic Solution

Answer 27

A solution with a high concentration of solute, therefore a low concentration of water

Question 28

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 28

A solution with a low concentration of solute, therefore a high concentration of water

Question 29

Induced Fit Model

Answer 29

The enzyme model where the enzyme changes its shape after bonding with the substrate

Question 30

Inhibitors

Answer 30

Poisons that bind to the active site of enzymes and stop them working

Question 31

Isotonic Solution

Answer 31

A solution which has the same osmolarity or solute concentration as another solution

Question 32

Lock and Key Model

Answer 32

The model explaining how enzymes work where the enzyme is a rigid structure

Question 33

Matrix

Answer 33

Part of the mitochondria where the Krebs Cycle occurs

Question 34

Mitochondria

Answer 34

Organelle in cell where respiration occurs

Question 35

Mitosis

Answer 35

The stage of the cell cycle where the replicated chromosome is split into 2 cells

Question 36

Osmosis

Answer 36

The net movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 37

Palisade layer

Answer 37

Part of the leaf where most of the chloroplasts are found - most photosynthesis occurs

Question 38

Passive Transport

Answer 38

The movement of molecule from an area of high concentration to an area low concentration which doesn’t require energy

Question 39

Phagocytosis

Answer 39

A form active transport by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large solid particle - to ingest/destroy pathogens - bacteria and infected cells

Question 40

Pinocytosis

Answer 40

A form active transport where fluids and nutrients are ingested by cells.
The cell membrane then closes around this little pocket forming vesicles to trap the liquid and small molecules to take inside the cell.

Question 41

Ribosomes

Answer 41

Part of cells where protein synthesis occurs

Question 42

S Stage of Cell Cycle

Answer 42

The stage in the cell cycle where the DNA is replicated

Question 43

Semi Conservative Replication

Answer 43

The name that describes the fact that the new DNA molecule being one strand new and one strand old

Question 44

Semi Permeable Membrane

Answer 44

A membrane that allows some substances to pass through it but not others

Question 45

Stroma

Answer 45

Part of chloroplast where the dark stage occurs.
Dark reaction is also called carbon-fixing reaction. It is a light-independent process in which sugar molecules are formed from the carbon dioxide and water molecules. The dark reaction occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast, where they utilize the products of the light reaction.

Question 46

Turgid

Answer 46

A cell that is it is swollen, bloated, puffed up or inflated