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health and social care > AS5 adult service users > Flashcards

AS5 adult service users Flashcards

Mrs Boles

1
Q

Explain concept of need when working with adult service users

A

** An essesntial requirement which should be met in order to ensure that an individual reaches a state of health and social wellbeing.
** This may include physical, social, emotional, intellectual, cultural and spiritual needs
** For example, A safe environment to allow better communication, mobilising and sleep.

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2
Q

Explain adults in need of protection when working with adult service users

A

**Person aged 18 or over whose exposure to harm, abuse, exploitation or neglect may be increased by their personal characteristics and/or life circumstances.
**Mental or physical disability, age or illness disagvantage related to language, culture or communication barriers. And who is unable to protect their own well-being properly, assests, rights or other interests and where the action or in action of another person or persons in causing or is likely to cause the individual to be harmed.

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3
Q

Explain disabilty when working with adult service users

A
  1. A physical or mental impairment that has a substanical and long term adverse effect of the ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities.
  2. Eg. Paralyse or clinical depression
  3. Substantial means that the effect if the disability is neither minor or trivial. It does not have to be a severe effect.
  4. Long term means that the effect of the impowerment has lasted or is likely to last for at least 12 months and the effect must be detrimental.
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4
Q

Explain empowerment when working with adult service users

A

This is enabling or supporting a person/group to speak or take action on their own behalf (advocate for themselves). It envolves sharing relevant knowledge and expertise with individuals/groups so that they can make informed decisions.

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5
Q

Explain person-centred care when working with adult service users

A

Promotes and facilitates full participation of adults in all decisions affecting their life.
Eg. In care planning this means taking full account of their views, wishes and feeling and where appropriate the views of others who have an interest of their safety and well-being.

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6
Q

Role of the physiotherapist

A
  • assess and treat patients with physical impairments or disabilities caused by illness, injury or aging.
  • They develop personalised treatment plans involving exercises, manual therapy, and the use of equipment to improve mobility, strength and function.
  • They educate patients on preventing injuries and managing chronic conditions, working in varius settings such as hospitals, clinics and patients’ homes to enhance overall physical health and quality of life
  • Prevents muscle wastage
  • Home visits to access massage treatment
  • Liaises with multi-disciplinary team
  • Develops care plan
  • Provides aids - wheelchair
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7
Q

Role of a Speech and Language Therapist

A
  • Diagnose and treat communiaction and swallowing disorders in patients of all ages
  • Create individualised therapy plans to improve speech, language and swallowing abilities, using techniques such as articulation therapy and swallowing exercises
  • Provide support and education to patients and their families to facilitate effective communication and safe swallowing practices, working in settings like schools, hospitals and rehabilitation centres

*Assess patients ability to swallow
*Teach to use a communication board
*Monitor development of speech- past strokes

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8
Q

Role of Occupational Therapist (OT)

A
  • Help patients of all ages achieve independence in their daily activities despite physical, mental or social challanges.
  • Assess individual needs and develop personalised intervention plans, recommending adaptive equipment and environmental modifications
  • Provide education and support to enhance patients’ skills for daily living and working, working in hospitals, community health services, mental health facilities, and home environmnets to improve patients’ quality of life and independence

*Needs assess of client
*Supports and teaches new skills for maximum independence
*Assess clients home for adaptations needed
*Provides aids- cutlery
*Teaches dressing practice
*Writes reports

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9
Q

Role of a General Practitioner (GP)

A
  • Primary care physicians who provide comprenhensive mecical care, diagnosing and treating a wide range of health conditions
  • They perform routine check-ups, manage chronic diseases, and offer preventive services like immunisations and health education
  • GPs coordinate care by referring patients to specialists when neccessary and play a crucial role in early detection and continuous management of health issues, working in community health centres, private practices and through home visits

*Diagnose illness
*Provide advice
*Write prescriptions
*Home visits if patient is too ill
*Check ups + preventative care

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10
Q

Role of a psychiatrist

A
  • Medical doctors specialising in mental health who assess, diagnose and treat mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety and schizophrenia
  • They develop treatment plans that may include medication, psychotherapy and other interventions
  • Psychiatrists provide therapy and counselling, manage mental health crisises, and offer emergancy psychiatric care
  • They work in hospitals, mental health clinics, private practices and community settings to improve patients’ mental health and overall well-being

*Mental health assessment to examine causes on depression etc.
*Prescribes + monitors medication - increases/decreases dosage when necessary
*Provides therapies + counselling support to change an individuals mind set/thinking patterns

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11
Q

Role of Nurses

A
  • provide comprehensive care tailored to adult, mental health and learning disbaility needs
  • they assess patients’ health, administer medications and treatments and assist wirh daily activities.
  • Nurses educate patients and families about managing health conditions and advocate for patients’ needs within the healthcare system
  • Work in various settings including hospitals. clinics and community health centres, playing a vital role in promoting health and well-being among diverse patient populations

*Talk to them - inform them about conditions
*Administer, monitor, change medication when needed
*Liaise with other health care professionals
*Implement + monitor care plan
*Support emotionally - counselling

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12
Q

Role of a Social Worker

A
  • Assess and support the social, emotional and practical needs of individuals and families
  • They provide counselling, connect clients with community resources, and advocate for their rights and needs within the healthcare and social services systems
  • Help clients navigate challanges such as housing, financial issues and mental health concerns, offering crisis intervention and ongoing support in settings like hospitals, social services agencies and community organisations

*Assess needs for OT support
*Advocate on service users behalf
*Liaise with the multi-disciplinary team
*Provide emotional support - listening to concerns + provides expertise care
*Manage care plans
*Access financial support eg. benefits

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13
Q

Role of Home Care Workers

A
  • Provide personal care and support to individuals in their own homes, assisting with activities of daily living such as bathing, dressing and grooming
  • They monitor patients’ health, help with household tasks and offer companionship to reduce isolation
  • By enabling patients to remain in their familiar home environment, they promote independance and comfort, working under the supervision of healthcare professions to ensure comprehensive care
  • Personal care, meal prep
    *Improves service users quality of life
    *Supports family to care for service user
    *Provides emotional support - talks/listens to patients worries/concerns
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14
Q

Role of Support Workers

A
  • Assist indivudals with disabilites or chronic conditions in their daily activities, promoting independence and social inclusion
  • provide personal care, help develop skills for independent living and monitor chages in the individuals condition
  • Encourage participation in community and social activities, working residential care homes, day centres, and community settings to enhance the quality of life for those they support

*Helps access educational support
*Encourages to take up hobbies
*Physical care - help shopping/make meals
*Help with mobility
*Make and take to appointments

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15
Q

Role of Care Assistants

A
  • provide direct personal care to patients assisting with daily activities such as bathing, dressing, feeding and toileting
  • monitor patients’ conditions, report changes to healthcare professionals and offer emotional support and companionship
  • Working in hospitals, nursing homes, residential care facilites and home care
  • Ensure pateints’ comfort and wellbeing through attentive and compassionate care

*Physical care - make meals, help to bathe
*Take shopping
*Emotional support - spend time with service user
*Arrange for minister to call

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16
Q

Role of Advocates

A
  • Support individuals in undertanding their rights and making informed decisions about their care and treatment
  • Represent patients’ views and interests in healthcare and legal settings, providing info about available services and rights
  • Empower patients to voice their needs and preferences, ensuring their voices are heard and their rights protected in health and social care environments

*Try to make clear their needs/wishes and how they can be met when in a discussion with a range of professionals
*Helps service user talk to family and friends about their wants/needs
*Legal advocate will represent a service user in dispute - court
*Work to address individuals benefit entitlement

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17
Q

Physical needs for older people
- example of need
- how need can be met
- importance of need being met

A

example of need
Medication, nutrition, shelter, warmth, exercise, hygiene, mobility aids
** how needs can be met**
1. Nuse/GP administer/monitor medication
2. meals provided by care worker/family
3. shelter/ residential accomodation
** importance of need being met**
To ensure they maintain a good health and that illness can be treated as soon as possible

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18
Q

Intellectual needs for older people
- example of need
- how need can be met
- importance of need being met

A

example of need
learning activities
stimulation
hobbies
knowledge of condition
how need can be met
family encourgae them to go to day centres to take part of quizes, crafts etc.
importance of need being met
to keep their bain active and to help stimulate theier thinking and decision making

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19
Q

Emotional needs for older people
- example of need
- how need can be met
- importance of need being met

A

example of need
respected
loved
valued
good self-esteem
how need can be met
make new friends - libarary/book clubs
importance of need being met
to make them know they are loved and supported
to not feel a burden

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20
Q

social needs for older people
- example of need
- how need can be met
- importance of need being met

A

example of need
building/maintaining relationships - routine
how needs can be met
outings with day centre
church groups
importance of need being met
to maintain emotionally knowing they are valued and wanted
stability

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21
Q

physical needs for people with disabilities
- example of need
- how need can be met
- importance of need being met

A

example of need
walking
talking
eating
shelter
how need can be met
monitor health by going to medical appointments
eat a nutitional diet
warm well maintained house
importance of need being met
ensure safety
strengthens body

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22
Q

intellectual needs for people with disabilities
- example of need
- how need can be met
- importance of need being met

A

example of need
understanding
learning
hobbies
how need can be met
spend time with family and friends
hobbies
knowledge of condition
importance of need
keeping their brain active
knowledge of condition allows them to feel included in care plan

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23
Q

emotional needs for people with disabilities
- example of need
- how need can be met
- importance of need being met

A

example of need
feel valued
helps self esteem
feel loved and repsected
how need can be met
family can tell them they are loved and valued
councellors
therapist
importance of need being met
provide support for a secure future

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24
Q

social needs for people with disabilities
- example of need
- how need can be met
- importance of need being met

A

example of need
need to spend time with others
socialise to build relationships
how need can be met
family outings local church groups
attend support groups
importance of need being met
ensures people are mixing
seeing others in their community
build social skills

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25
Q

Physical needs for people with learning disabilities
- example of need
- how need can be met
- importance of need being met

A

example of need
hygiene
nutrition
medicine
how need can be met
personal assist help them to plan, cook and eat enabling them to have a balanced diet
nurser/gp monitor medication
nutritious meals
accomodation/residential
family outings
help to wash, clean teeth etc
** importance of need being met**
keep them healthy and give them energy, enabling them to control their weight
health and happy physical body

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26
Q

intellectual needs for people with learning disabilities
- example of need
- how need can be met
- importance of need being met

A

example of need
learning or processing needs
stimulation
knowledge about condition
how need can be met
family encouragement to develop lifestyle plan, change hobbies/activities and undertand and decisions by including pictures in books
take part in hobbies
achieve qualifications
watch the news for encourgaement to learn
importance of need being met
keep mind active and help them think about what they need, want, enjoy and want to stop
helping to stimulate his thinking and keeping his brain active
to achieve adecemic awards for independent living in the future

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27
Q

emotional needs for people with learning disabilities
- example of need
- how need can be met
- importance of need being met

A

example of need
need to feel secure, loved and feel valued
Esteem needs
respected
need to express emotions
how need can be met
family taking extra time with them to lket them know they are valued, visiting them regularly so they know they love them and that theyre not alone
family and friends regularly tell them how they are loved and cared for
encouragement from friendds and family
refer to councellor if needed to talk about worries and concerns
importance of need being met
increases confidence and self worth
wellbeing restored
happy and content

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28
Q

social need for people with learning disabilites
- example of need
- how need can be met
- importance of need being met

A

example of need
need to socialise and feel interactive
building and maintaining relationships
how need can be met
family taking them on outings
go out on outings to meet other people
feel part of a community
supports independent living to reduce isolation
joining clubs/day centers
importance of need being met
enable them to meet new people or stregnthen realtionships with people he meets regularly
to supprt independence - less home carers
more in control of their life

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29
Q

physical needs for people with mental illinesses
- example of need
- how need can be met
- importance of need being met

A

example of need
hygiene - help from family washing - ensures high quality of hygiene and care
medication - needs monitiored - individuals to be in control of their day
warmth - to ensure warmth and safety

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30
Q

intellectual needs for people with mental illnesses
- example of need
- how need can be met
- importance of need being met

A

example of need
stimulation
knowledge of illness
how need can be met
hobbies/guizes
understanding illness
importance of need being met
use their brain for learning to build memory
enables them to live independently

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31
Q

emotional needs for people with mental illnesses
- example of need
- how need can be met
- importance of need being met

A

example of need
acceptance
security
belonging good self esteem
feel safe
how need can be met
talents recognise
regular visits from friends and family
importance of need being met
enable them to feel loved and suported

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32
Q

social needs for people with mental illnesses
- example of need
- how need can be met
- importance of need being met

A

exmaple of need
establishing good realtionships
how need can be met
support groups, visitors
importance
helps them to meet new people and secure and maintain

friendships

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33
Q

What is reablement?

A

A short and intensive service, usually delivered in the home, which is offered to people with diabilities and those who are frail or recovering from an illness or injury.
Reablement helps people who have experienced detereoration in their health and/or have increased support needs to relearn the skills required to keep them safe and independent at home.

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34
Q

Benefits of Reablement
* service user

A
  • Helps indivuduals receive the necessary support to regain their independence
  • Allows service user to remin in own home
  • Allows normality and restores dignity
  • Teaches individuals a new way of completing tasks
  • Involves SU in planning/goals and have social chats to help them cope emotionally
  • Facilitates earlier hospital discharge
  • Improves physical function and quality of life
  • Cost effective
  • Avoid unnecessary hospital admissions
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35
Q

Benefits of reablement
* family members

A
  • Takes away stress of travelling to and from care home
  • Actively supports family members
  • Reduces need for support
  • Don’t have to provide 24/7 care
  • Takes away financial burden of care home
  • Keeps mind at ease - emotional benefits
  • less stress & happy family member can continue to live at home
  • gives family a break to focus on own life and have time to socialise
  • able to continue work
36
Q

Benefits of reablement
* service provider

A
  • Less strain on other services - less hospital/care admissions
  • Reduces demand for long term care
  • Rewarding - helps regain independence
  • Long term- cheaper and money can be given to other services
  • build relationship with service user
37
Q

How does rebalement differ from traditional home care

A
  • Rebalement is a ‘doing with’ model that focuses of teaching service users new ways of doing daily tasks rather than doing it for them like in traditional home care that is a ‘doing for’ model e.g. encouraging them to make a meal rather than a care worker making it for them
  • Reablement is more cost effective
  • Reablement is a holistic method of working with SUs, assessing all their needs and supporting them to be met whereas tradition home care is mainly focused on physical needs
  • Rebalement has six clear stages to ensure the process is focused and time limited to aid a speedier recovery, unlike the THC that has no stages and is static
  • Reablements focus is to reduce the need for support rather than the maintainance focus of THC
  • It actively suports famililies/carers whereas THC generally doesn/t involve them at all
  • It’s focus is working as part of a multidisciplinary team rather than professionals working independently
38
Q

What is a care plan

A

A plan that is made following an assessment of the service user’s needs. It give SUs confidence and control over their condition. Involves giving SUs information on their condition to gain more control. Its tailored to their needs and wishes and can be updated as necessary.

39
Q

6 stages of a care plan

A
  1. Assessment
  2. Planning
  3. Implementation
  4. Monitoring
  5. Evaluation
  6. Modifying
40
Q

What is the assessment stage of a care plan?

A
  • The information is gathered holistically from a range of different relevant health professionals
  • Consultation is ‘person-centred’ so service users know the care plan is unique to them, taking their wishes into account
  • The assessment is balanced between service users’ strengths and needs
  • Service users know it is shared with all necessary parties
  • One professional compiles the assessment (social workers or care manager) giving the service user one point of contact during the assessment process
  • Checks SUs eligibility for different services
41
Q

What is the planning stage of a care plan?

A
  • Care plan is designed based on the assessment
  • Written in a format that the SU can understand
  • Written care plan enables good communication between SUs, professionals and their families
  • Once care plan is complete they will set a review date to evaluate needs signed by service user
42
Q

What is the implementation stage of a care plan?

A
  • Put plan into action - everyone is informed
  • clear duties with SU and prfessionals agreed
  • Visits are recorded
43
Q

What is the monitoring stage of a care plan?

A
  • All professionals involved are responsible for checking their aspect of the care plan is working
  • Regular checks are completed - care manager is responsible
  • Service user is involved and have an input into how effective plan is and voice any concerns they may have
44
Q

What is the evaluation stage of a care plan?

A
  • Examines the aims of the care plan (have they been met)
    can service be reduced?
    can adjustments be made?
  • Usually takes place 1 month after care plan has been set
  • Next reviews take place every 6 months
  • Reviews are vital to ensure the service user isnt forgotten about and that care is still on-going
45
Q

What is the modifying stage of a care plan?

A
  • Change care plan - may no longer be needed/working
  • increase package if needed
  • confirmed in writing to professions/family
46
Q

What does the whistleblowing policy do

A
  • Protects patients from abuse. A whistleblower is the person who raises the concern about wrong doing ocurring in an organisation or body of people
  • It encourages staff to raise serious concerns within the care setting rather than overlooking a problem
  • This policy helps to ensure that all concerns are treated in confidence encouraging more staff to come forward
47
Q

How should the whistleblowing policy enable service users to receive high standard of care

A
  • Poor care is reported to staff who have been trained in their responsibilities under the policy so SUs are better protected
  • Staff can be disciplined under the policy so they are more likely to practice a high level of care
  • Staff feel empowered to report poor practice therefore reducing the risk
  • Clear and simple procedures in place so staff can recognise the importance of their responsibility to protect SUs
  • Managers are aware of their responsibility to regularly update staff training in whistle-blwoing and making sure staff comply, so more likely to identify and eradicate poor practice
  • Provides protection for workers who raise concern
48
Q

What does the confidentiality policy do

A

Protects clients personal info

49
Q

How should the confidentiality policy enable service users to receive high standard of care

A
  • Sharing of info with appropiate people and withholding from others in respect the SU - need to know basis
  • SU consulted before info is shared, so protecting personal information
  • There are times, when in confidence, info will need to passed onto others on a need-to-know basis - this must be explained to the SU
  • SU is entitled to access their own records so they can see what others have recorded about them - comply with DPA
  • SU can complain if they feel their info has been shared inapporpiately - employee can be disciplined as a result
50
Q

What does the safegaurding adults policy do

A

The aim of this policy is to improve safehaurding arrangements for adults who are at risk of harm from abuse, exploitation and neglect
The main aim is to reduce the incidence of harm and abuse

51
Q

How should the sfaegaurding adults policy enable service users to receive high standard of care

A
  • Requires staff to attend training and also have their training updated which should enable them to undertsand who a vulnerable adult, definition of different types of abuse, signs and symptoms so they can identify any abusive behaviour towards vulnerable adults and take steps to report it
  • Sets out clear procedures that staff msut take in reporting abuse i.e. wwho to contact, forms to complete, so helping to make staff accountable and therefore act in the interest of their patients to protect them from harm
  • Outlines clear time limits for and states which professionals must be involved in the investigations so that situations are treated seriously and with speed to protect the vulnerbale person
  • MAy make reference to requirement for Access NI checks, emaning staff cannot be employed until policy and social service records have been checked (helps protect Su from those with history of abuse
52
Q

What is a statutory provider

A

These are government run organisations therfore do not aim to make a profit but rather provide services to support and help people in need
e.g. day centres, GP surgeries, ambulance services health professionals

53
Q

What services do statutory providers provide

A
  • Day centres - offer support and a range of activities daily to learn new skills and socialise. For physical and learning disabilities
    meets service users needs e.g physcial & social. Promotes independence and give chance to socialise with others e.g. going on trips
  • GP surgeries - provide medical advice, vaccinations, examinations, perscriptions, referrals, diagnose symptoms
    needs are met, checled and monitored so condition won’t detereorate and ensure high quality medical care
  • Ambulance services - treatment on set, clinical interventions, transporting patients to hospital in emergencies
    provides care 24/7 to esnure best outcome. helps save lives. medical on sight treatment to give service users best medical and urgent support whilst being transferred
54
Q

What is a private provider

independant

A

Organisations which contribute to health and well-being but in doing so aim to make a profit
e.g. private care home, private practitioners (physiotherapists etc.), holistic therapists, domicilary care service

55
Q

What services do private providers provide

A
  • Private care homes - provide SUs with shelter, dietary needs, medication and basic needs
    supports SUs holisitic needs to be met in care facility instead on own home
  • Private physiotherapists - provide hands on exercises to improve flexibility, strengthen and improve human bodies
    help SUs ifollowing an injury/if they are experiencing pain
  • Holistic therapist - offer variety of therapies e.g. massage, reflexology
    on hand private treatment to prevent pain and promote holistic well-being
  • Domicilary care services - support individuals in their own home e.g. houshold chores, companionship, running errands, personal care
    prevents isolation and physical home tasks are completed (less worry), sSU doesnt have to leave comfort of own home
56
Q

what is a voluntary provider

independent

A

Contribute to the health and well-being of the public. They dont aim to make a profit. They include a range of charities such as marie curie, Age NI, childline
e.g. Support groups, respite, youth clubs, telephone helplines, befriender

57
Q

What services do volunary providers provide

A
  • Support groups - focus on emotional support and practical activities for individuals in the area
    supports SU to build trusting relationships, regain social and emotional support
  • Respite - offer support/ temporarily place SU in care for short period
    SU offers appropiate security & physical needs being met for SU taken into consideration based on care plan
  • Telephone helplines - offer confidential free support daily
    availble to communicate with SU if they are worried or upset. Gives them someone to talk to & express their concerns. Promotes positive mental health
  • Youth clubs - young people come together and participate in a veriety of activity such as football
    allows them to socialise, meet and gain new friendships, community involvement, learn new skills
58
Q

What is an informal carer

A

People who provide help and support to a family member or a friend who may not be able to manage without this help because of frality, illness or disability. Informal carers can be adults caring for older adults, parents caring for ill or disbaled children or young people who care for another family member often without payment

59
Q

What services do informal carers provide

A
  • Deal with financial matters
  • provide transport to services
  • physical support
  • emotional support
  • medical assisstance/ administer meds
  • assist meal planning
  • clean house
  • provide transport to services
  • personal care
60
Q

How are statutory services funded

A

*Direct payments from benefits e.g. for domicilary care - funded through the trusts/ money payments from law
* Taxpayers/distributed by DOH - money back funded by the department of health
* NAtional insurance contributions - national insurance collected from public is issued to services
* Payment by SU e.g. for meals - meals provided by issuing money availble to protect individuals basic needs

61
Q

How are private services funded

A
  • Private payment e.g. using own savings - an individual may pay for their own services
  • Private health insurance - individual will pay monthly towards their priavte ehalth insurance costs
  • Families pay - fmaily member may pay for the service
  • Business or bank loan - individual can take a personal or business loan to fund their needs
62
Q

How are voluntary services funded

A
  • Fundraising - sponsored walks, events such as coffee mornings, street collections - individuals participate in events to raise money free of charge
  • contracts with government agencies - a government agency agrees to pay an organisation through agreement
  • Donations made by individuals or companies - individuals giving money of their own choice
  • Bequests/wills - people who have passed elaving money in will to an organisation
  • Lottery funding - national lottery donating funding from individuals who won money
63
Q

Stregnths of statutory services

A
  • services are usually free at point of delivery, therefore more people will actively try to get help before their condition worsens
  • statutory providers are more reliable than other providers e.g. voluntary
  • there are a full range of services e.g. GP, hospital, mental health services
  • there is no stigma attached to using them as people are less embarrassed to receive help
  • staff are well trained - better quality of care
64
Q

weaknesses of statutory services

A
  • waiting lists may be lengthly, therefore people are not receiving quality care when they need it - health may detereorate
  • some facilities may be old and therefore in poor condition - lack of up to date technology leading to poorer diagnosis
  • staff are severly stretched so wuality of care may be poor
  • SU is unable to choose what professional they attend
  • rationing may occur due to outbacks
65
Q

strengths of private providers

A
  • professionals may be more specialised leading to better diagnosis and treatment e.g dementia and arthritis
  • SU may feel they have more choice within the private sector and they can choose what services they wish to have
  • SU & family may feel empowered as they feel they are part of the decision making process, as they are paying for the service themselves
  • greater flexibility e.g. making appointments that suit them
  • SUs may have greater privacy e.g. own room
66
Q

weaknesses of private providers

A
  • may be too expensive for those who dont have the money or saving so they may feel upset as they feel they are second class citizens
  • may have to leave a care home they have lived in a long time if the owner decides to close down and is no longer profitable - very upsetting
  • SUs may feel vulnerable as they depend on private providers to be honest and trustworthy, however they may sell them equipment, they may not need so older people may be open to exploitation
  • availability may be an issue e.g. those who live in rural areas/ access problems
  • older SUs may be angry that they are having to pay for a service privately when they feel they have paid for their entitlement to free health care through their taxes
67
Q

strengths of voluntary providers

A
  • may be easy to access as SUs can refer themselves instead of having to depend on professionals to refer them - may also mean they get help when they need it most
  • these services may be shaped to meet the particular needs of SUs within a community - can be flexible and adjust Service provision on short notice
  • may be staffed by volunteers from local community who have a genuine interest and specialist knowledge in the service user group or who know the family and want to support them
  • services are normally free or at a small charge enabling those who require the service to access it - this is important as many people may lack or have very limited funds
  • staff may be highly trained in the most up-to-date methods of providing care e.g. marie curie
68
Q

weaknesses of voluntary providers

A
  • can be difficult for SUs to call them to account as voluntary organisations are often subject to less public scrutiny anf are less accountable for their actions than statutory ones
  • may be problems accessing servies as there is an uneven spread of services so where you live can dicatate whether services are offered - may leave these in rural areas without support
  • may be a lack of trust as service users may feel that their info is not kept confidential
  • harm could be caused due to lack of taining for staff
  • some people may feel their is a stigma attached to using voluntary service e.g. feel like they’re taking charity
69
Q

Role of informal carers

A
  • supporting people to live independent lives in their local community
  • can either live with person or call regularly throughout the day to provide support
  • carers may minimise risks to clients e.g. by making sure their home is safe
  • carers can encourage and facilitate regular social contact with family and friends e.g taking clients to visit extended family
  • carers enable clients so they are likely to be happier as they feel loved and valued
  • act as advocates
  • perform a range of tasks to meet a variety of physical needs e.g. cooking, washing, dressing
  • meet social needs
  • help client with finances e.g. banking, shopping
  • meet intellectual needs e.g. by encouraging activities and interests in current affairs
70
Q

6 strengths of informal carers?

A
  1. Carers feel fullfilled/rewarded (ability to change someones life for the better)
  2. Service user can remain in own home (maintain independence-continue routine/ stay close to family)
  3. Care provision is likely to be consistent (same person caring for service user- familiar/develop routine)
  4. Service user can retain independence and be content with care plan(continue their self-care and daily tasks)
  5. Less expensive for service user and/or family (less need to pay others for care)
  6. More flexibilty (flexible/relaxed living conditions-e.g. can get up/go to bed when they choose
71
Q

**6 weaknesses of informal carers? **

A
  1. Informal carers may feel isolated and unappreciated (too busy for social activities outside of care)
  2. Service users’ needs may not be met properly as they may not want to overburden carer or be too embarrassed to disclose needs (may need further assessment, monitoring and assistance but don’t want to annoy carer)
  3. Carer may lack medical expertise to effectively care for adult recipient (high medical or dietary needs not mwt due to lack of training)
  4. . If carer becomes ill no one to take care of service user (carers health detereorate + extra pressure of not knowing who will take on caring role)
  5. Don’t get paid-lead to resentment (financial pressure if bills not met as cannot work due to caring role)
  6. Carer miss out on school/work (impact chance of university/ employment opportunities in future)
72
Q

Difficulties informal carers may face

A
  • Physical problems - carers can become exhausted as its usually 24/7 care. It can affect the quality of care given to the patient
  • Emotional problems - carers can have very little or no time off from caring role - stress and anxiety. Stress of watching loved one in pain
  • Financial problems - carers may have to give up their full time jobs or go to part time - expesive to provide care e.g. bills/transport/food
  • Accessing adequate support - carers may feel unhappy based on the limited services available from formal carers e.g. shirt morning and evening visit’
  • Negative impact on relationships - often suffer in their own relationships and family due to high responsibility
  • Career negatively effected - may ahve to take time off meaning they miss out on promotions and work performance is affected by tiredness
73
Q

What is the Carers and Direct payment Act

A

Legislation designed to support individuals who provide unpaid care to family members or friends with disabilities, chronic illnesses, mental health conditions, or age-related issues.
This act aims to recognise the crucial role that carers play in society and provides mechanisms to enhance their support through assessments and direct
payments
It supports both carers and service users
First part of act - focus on carer
Second part of act - enables people who are ill, disabled or vulnerable to take control of their care through the use of direct payments

74
Q

what are direct payments

A

cash payments guevn to persons in lieu of services that would otherwise have been arranged for them by HSC trusts, so that they may arrange the provision of their own services
aim to promote indendence and can only be given to SUs who have been assessed as needing personal social services

75
Q

What are the key provisions of the DP Act

A

Carers’ Assessments:
* Carers who provide substantial and regular care are entitled to an assessment of their needs, separate from the assessment of the person they care for.
* The assessment focuses on the carer’s ability to provide care, their personal needs, and their desire to work, study, or engage in leisure activities.
* It considers the physical, mental, and emotional well-being of the carer.
* A child who is a carer has the right to be assessed to determine whether they’re a ‘child in need’
Direct Payments:
* The act enables eligible individuals to receive direct payments instead of traditional services provided by social care agencies.
* These payments give service users and their carers greater control and flexibility in how their care needs are met.
* Service users can use direct payments to hire personal assistants, purchase equipment, or pay for services that best suit their individual needs.
Support Services:
* The act mandates the provision of information and advice to carers about the available support services.
* Local authorities are required to ensure that carers are aware of their rights and the assistance they can access.

76
Q

Impact on act on carers and service user

A

Empowerment and Control:
* Direct payments empower service users and carers by giving them more control over the care arrangements.
* This personalisation of care can lead to more satisfactory and tailored support.
* Carers can choose services that best meet their needs and the needs of the person they care for, enhancing their ability to balance caregiving
with other aspects of their lives.
Recognition and Support for Carers:
* The act formally acknowledges the vital role of carers, ensuring they receive the support they need to maintain their own health and well-
being.
* Carers’ assessments can identify areas where additional support is required, helping to prevent burnout and reduce the emotional and physical strain of caregiving.
Flexibility and Quality of Care:
* By allowing for the customisation of services through direct payments, the quality of care can be significantly improved.
* Service users can ensure that their specific preferences and requirements are met.
* This flexibility can also lead to innovative approaches to care that may not be possible through traditional service delivery methods.
Increased Awareness and Access to Resources:
* The requirement for local authorities to provide information and advice ensures that carers are better informed about the resources and support
available to them.
* This can lead to increased utilisation of support services, enhancing the overall effectiveness of the care provided.

77
Q

what is section 2 of the bengoa report

A

The case for change - the overwhelming evidence that the existing system for providing heakth and social care in NI is struggling to sustain services

78
Q

Section 2 - The case for change
* why is change neccessary?

A
  • Demographic change - people are living longer, and for the most part, are healthier; ageing brings an increased likelihood of some degree of disability, dependency and illness; profile of older people requiring care is becoming more complex, with many people now living with multiple chronic illnesses
  • Health Inequalities - the healthy life expectancy of people in the most and least disadvantaged areas differs dramatically which impacts on the HSC system, including hospital admission,emergency care e.g. life expectancy for males in most deprived area of NI is on average 7.5 years less than their counterparts in the least deprived areas. For females the difference in 4.3 years
  • Rising Demand - range of factors creating pressure across HSC system: long-standing health conditions, obesity, mental illness, disability, older population and higher expectations. and put increasing demands on an already stretched system. For example:
  • Primary care service – entry point to HSC system for majority of people; significant demand on GP services; more complex health issues; rising demand requires new model of care
  • Hospital Services – increased demand for specialist care, inpatients, outpatients and ambulance services; sharp increases in waiting lists and waiting times; existing model not addressing these challenges
  • workforce - difficulty in recruiting and retaining staff. greater recognition of of role and expertise of all members of HSC team and employing them in best trained areas
  • Financial sustainability - DOH budget is the largest among the executive departments i.e. 46% of the entire NI executive spend. Mjority of resources are still invested in acute hospiatls although there is movements towards pushing funding to community based services - needs to move more quickly
79
Q

5 reasons why change is necessary

A
  • Demographic change
  • Health inequalities
  • Rising demand
  • Workforce
  • Financial sustainability
80
Q

What is section 3 of bengoa report

A

Vision for a new model for health and social care - orgnaising for success

81
Q

Bengoa report

discuss what is meant by the triple aim framework (reccomendation 1)

A

The triple aim model is a whole system transformation, involving significant cultural and operational reform
It involves the rationalisation of some more specialist services in order to free up resources and invest them more effectively in new delivery models
This involves moving to a more patient centred, population health model, delivered at a sustainable cost
The triple aim is characterised by a focus on 3 objectives:
* improving the patient experience of care (including quality and satasfaction)
* improving the health of populations
* achieving better value by reducing the per capita cost of health care
The panel added a fourth
* Improving work life balance of those who deliver care

82
Q

What is reccomedation 2 of section 3

A

HSC should move to formally invest, empower and build capacity in networks of existing health and social care providers to move towards a model based in Accountable care systems
* services should be strategically planned
* services need to be person centred
* care needs to move away from hospital centred model to a more integrated model

83
Q

what is reccomendation 3 of section 3

A

HSC should continue its positive work to invest and develop workforce, eHealth and integration

84
Q

define federations

A

these changes are already happening e.g. GP is moving from small business approach to bring together practices with larger geographies as ‘federations’

85
Q

define integrated care partnerships

A

partnerships that bring tohgether NHS organisations, local authorities and others to take collective responsibility for planning services , improving health and reducing inequalities accross geographical areas

86
Q

define accountable care systems

A

to integrate all the providers. Provide structure for better patient engagement and enable all providers to be held accountable for achieving the provision of high quality care for an agreed budget

87
Q

Define eHealth

A

the use of electronic means to deliver info, resoruces and services related to health

health and social care (2 decks)

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