AS Reactions And Mecanisms Flashcards
Thermal cracking conditions?
700-1200k, 7000KPa
Catalytic cracking conditions?
720K, zeolite catalyst
Reactions inside a catalytic converter?
2CO +2NO ———> N2 + 2CO2
Hydrocarbons + nitrogen oxide ——>nitrogen + carbon dioxide + water
Reaction of methane with chlorine-
CH4 + Cl2 ——-> CH3Cl + HCl
Reaction of methane with chlorine ( initiation step)
Cl2 ———-> Cl. + Cl. (UV light)
Reaction of methane with chlorine (propagation steps)
Cl. + CH4 ——-> HCl + CH3.
CH3 + Cl2 ——-> CH3Cl + Cl.
Reaction of methane with chlorine (termination step)
Cl. + Cl. ———> Cl2
CH3. + CH3. ——-> C2H6
Cl. + CH3. ———> CH3Cl
Reaction of halogenoalkanes with aqueous hydroxide ions mechanism, reagents and conditions:
Mechanism: Nucleophilic substitution
Reagents: aqueous NaOH/ KOH
Conditions: Use éthanol to dissolve halogenoalkanes
Reaction of halogenoalkanes with cyanide ions: mechanism, reagents and conditions?
Mechanism: nucleophilic substitution
Reagents: aqueous KCN
Conditions: ethanolic
Reaction of halogenoalkanes with ammonia: mechanism, reagents and conditions?
Mechanism: nucleophilic substitution
Reagents: concentrated NH3
Conditions: ethanolic, pressure.
Reactions of halogenoalkanes with ethanolic hydroxide ions: mechanism, reagents and conditions?
Mechanism: elimination
Reagents: NaOH, KOH
Conditions: ethanolic, no water present, heat
Décomposition of ozone by chlorine atoms
Cl. + O3 ———> ClO. + O2
ClO. + O3 ————> 2O2 + Cl.
Reaction of alkenes with hydrogen bromide mechanism
electrophilic addition
Reaction of alkenes with sulphuric acid: mechanism, reagents and conditions?
Mechanism: electrophilic addition
Reagents: concentrated sulphuric acid
Conditions: room temperature
Reaction of alkenes with bromine: mechanism, reagents and conditions?
Mechanism: electrophilic addition
Reagents: halogen solution
Conditions: organic solvent
Production of ethanol by hydration of an alkene: mechanism and catalyst
Mechanism: electrophilic addition
Catalyst: phosphoric acid
Production of ethanol by fermentation of glucose: reaction and conditions
C6H12O6 ————-> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Conditions: aqueous sugar solution, no oxygen, 35 degrees
Oxidation of primary alcohols: reaction, reagents and conditions
Reaction: CH3CH2OH + [O] ————> CH3CHO + H2O
Reagents: acidified K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
Conditions: Distillation, heat gently
Oxidation of secondary alcohols: reaction, reagents and conditions
Reaction: CH3CH(OH)CH3 + [O] ———-> CH3COCH3 + H2O
Reagents: acidified K2Cr2O7/ H2SO4
Conditions: distillation, heat gently
Oxidation of aldehydes: reaction, reagents and conditions
Reaction: CH3CHO + [O] ————> CH3COOH
Reagent: K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
Conditions: Distillation, heat gently
Elimination reactions of alcohol to form alkenes: mechanism, reagents and conditions
Mechanism: elimination —-> dehydration reaction
Reagents: excess concentrated H2SO4
Conditions: heat, Al2O3 catalyst
