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Chemistry > A Level Reactions And Mechanisms > Flashcards

A Level Reactions And Mechanisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Reactions of Fehlings solution with aldehydes:

A

CH3CHO + 2Cu(2+) + 4OH(-) ————-> CH3COOH + Cu2O +2H2O

Conditions: heat

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2
Q

Reaction of Tollens reagent with aldehydes:

A

CH3CHO + 2Ag(NH3)2 + 3OH(-) ———> CH3COOH + 2Ag + 4NH3 + 2H2O

Conditions: heat

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3
Q

Reduction of aldehydes to form primary alcohols: mechanism, reagents and conditions

A

Mechanism: nucleophilic addition

Reagents: aqueous NaBH4

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4
Q

Reduction of ketones to form secondary alcohols: mechanism, reagents and conditions

A

Mechanism: nucleophilic addition

Reagents: aqueous NaBH4

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5
Q

Reaction of aldehydes with hydrogen cyanide to form hydroxynitriles: mechanism and reagents

A

Mechanism: nucleophilic addition

Reagents: KCN or HCl

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6
Q

Reaction of ketones with hydrogen cyanide to form hydroxynitriles: mechanism and reagents

A

Mechanism: nucleophilic addition

Reagents: KCN or HCl

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7
Q

Reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohols to form esters: mechanism, catalyst and conditions

A

Mechanism: esterification

Catalyst: concentrated H2SO4

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8
Q

Hydrolysis of vegetable oils and fats to produce soap: reaction and conditions

A

Reaction: triglyceride + 3NaOH —-> Propane-1,2,3-triol + sodium salt of carboxylic acid

Conditions: boil ( high temperature)

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9
Q

Formation of biodiesel by reacting vegetable oils and methanol: reaction and catalyst

A

Reaction: triglyceride + 3CH3OH ——> Propane-1,2,3-triol + biodiesel

Catalyst: KOH

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10
Q

Reaction of acyl chlorides with: water, alcohols, ammonia and primary amines: mechanism

A

Mechanism: nucleophilic addition-Elimination

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11
Q

Nitration of benzene: generation of nitronium ion

A

H2SO4 + HNO3 HSO4(-) + H2NO3(+)

H2NO3 (+) NO2(+) + H2O

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12
Q

Nitration of benzene: mechanism, reagents and conditions

A

Mechanism: electrophilic substitution

Reagents: concentrated H2SO4 and HNO3

Conditions: 50 degrees

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13
Q

Friedel crafts acylation of benzene: mechanism and catalyst

A

Mechanism: electrophilic substitution

Catalyst: AlCl3

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14
Q

Friedel crafts acylation of benzene: regeneration of catalyst

A

H(+) + AlCl4(-) ——-> AlCl3 +HCl

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15
Q

Reduction of nitriles to produce aliphatic amines: mechanism and reagents

A

Mechanism: nucleophilic addition

Reagents: H2 and Ni or LiAlH4 in dry ether

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16
Q

Reduction of nitro compounds to produce aromatic amines: reagents

A

Reagents: Fe/Sn and HCl

Chemistry (2 decks)

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