AS PE Nutrition

Question 0

The layer of subcutaneous fat is known as what?

Answer 0

Adipose tissue

Question 1

Name the four methods of measuring body composition

Answer 1

BMI
Hydrostatic Weighing
Bioelectric Impedance
Skinfold Measuring

Question 2

State three health consequences of obesity.

Answer 2

(Coronary) heart disease
Cancer
Type 2 diabetes
Depression
Stroke

Question 3

How do you calculate a persons BMI?

Answer 3

Weight (kg) divided by height (m) squared

Question 4

What kind of energy balance is required to help an overweight or obese person lose weight?

Answer 4

A negative energy balance, where energy expenditure exceeds energy intake

Question 5

State two classes of food which would be most suitable for performers who require stamina

Answer 5

Carbohydrates / glucose / sugar

Fats / lipids / triglycerides

Question 6

Why do all performers require carbohydrates in their diets?

Answer 6

For respiration to make energy. This energy powers muscle contractions and enables movement.

Question 7

What might a competitive weightlifter require in their diet to make their performance more effective?

Answer 7

Extra carbohydrates for energy
Extra protein for muscle tissue growth and repair
Extra water for hydration
Extra vitamins and minerals for nerve transmission and metabolism

Question 8

What are two benefits of including fats in an athletes diet?

Answer 8

Act as an energy source (particularly for endurance athletes)
Slow release energy source
Acts as an insulator
Contains fat-soluble vitamins

Question 9

What is the role of Vitamin K and iron in the diet?

Answer 9

Helps the production of red blood cells and haemoglobin

Question 10

What is the role of calcium and Vitamin D in the diet?

Answer 10

Bone growth and bone strength

Question 11

What is the role of magnesium in the diet?

Answer 11

Aids muscle contractions

Question 12

Which vitamins and minerals are responsible for helping with energy metabolism (creating energy for muscle contractions)?

Answer 12

Vitamin B2, Phosphorus, sodium and niacin

Question 13

Which minerals are responsible for helping with nerve transmission?

Answer 13

Sodium and potassium

Question 14

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 14

Food intake containing sufficient amounts of all of the required nutrients, but not to excess. An energy balance must be reached (intake = expenditure)

Question 15

What two components make up body composition?

Answer 15

Lean tissue mass (bones and muscles)

Fat mass

Question 16

How does obesity limit performance in some physical activities?

Answer 16

Reduced flexibility
Inability to regulate body temperature (may overheat)
Issues with stamina, reduced capacity for endurance events
Affects speed

Question 17

Why is it in the governments interest to reduce obesity in society?

Answer 17

Because obesity related diseases cost the NHS millions of pounds every year. If obesity levels decrease, the strain on the NHS budget will be reduced.

Question 18

How is a modern lifestyle making some people become obese?

Answer 18

Ease of access to unhealthy food choices (‘just-eat’ / ready meals)
Shift work and irregular meal times
Sedentary lifestyles - lack of exercise
Advances in technology - less manual work

Question 19

What is the exercise related function of proteins?

Answer 19

Muscle tissue growth and repair, speeding up recovery from training.

Question 20

What is the role of water in the body?

Answer 20

To transport nutrients, oxygen and hormones
To remove waste products like lactic acid
To regulate body temperature by sweating

Question 21

How does dehydration affect the body

Answer 21

Blood volume decreases and viscosity increases
Venous return is decreased
Stroke volume decreases
Causes headaches and dizziness
Cardiovascular drift starts (increase in HR to meet demands for oxygen)