As Ethics

Question 1

Kants 3 formulations

Answer 1

1St - universalisation
2nd - everyone as means and not ends
3rd - Kingdom ends

Question 2

Kant and good will

Answer 2

An action is only good when a person acts from a sense of goodwill; if you choose to act out of a sense of good will towards others as this is your duty. “Duty involves freely choosing an action as anything else would invalidate it.”

Question 3

Kant and reason

Answer 3

Kant believed that everybody can reason how they ought to behave in a situation which he called ‘the moral law within’ people are free to act according to the moral law or against it.

Question 4

Aquinas natural law opening

Answer 4

Aquinas believed that everyone has a sense of natural law within them, which inclines them towards perfection. Good acts are those which enable humans to fulfil their purpose and are in accordance with the primary precepts.

Question 5

Aquinas’ primary precepts

Answer 5

• preservation of life
• reproduction
• educating the young
• living in society
• worshipping god

Question 6

Kants categorical imperative opening paragraph

Answer 6

Kanye categorical imperative is an absolute and universal sense of moral duty which directs humans to the right action; it contains no uncertainty or dependence of other factors. It can be applied to everyone in every situation.
Kant broke the categorical imperative down into smaller rules he calls maxims, or formulations.