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A-Level Physics > [AS] Classification of Particles > Flashcards

[AS] Classification of Particles Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a fundamental particle?

A

A particle that has no substructure; the smallest unit of matter

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2
Q

What are the two types of hadrons?

A

Baryon, Meson

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3
Q

What particle type are protons and neutrons versions of, and what is the difference between them?

A

Nucleon; different electric charges

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4
Q

What type of particle is a proton?

A

Baryon (Hadron)

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5
Q

What type of particle is a neutron?

A

Baryon (Hadron)

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6
Q

What type of particles are baryons?

A

Hadron

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7
Q

What type of particles are mesons?

A

Hadron

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8
Q

What is the only stable baryon?

A

Proton

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9
Q

What does it mean for a particle to be unstable?

A

It can decay to become another particle

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10
Q

What particle do all baryons decay to?

A

Proton

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11
Q

Why don’t you find antibaryons in ordinary matter?

A

They only exist momentarily before being annihilated

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12
Q

What is the baryon number?

A

The number of baryons

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13
Q

What is the baryon number of the proton?

A

+1

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14
Q

What is the baryon number of the neutron?

A

+1

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15
Q

What is the baryon number of the antiproton?

A

-1

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16
Q

What is the baryon number of the antineutron?

A

-1

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17
Q

What is the baryon number of a particle that isn’t a baryon?

A

0

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18
Q

Must the baryon number be conserved in interactions?

A

Yes

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19
Q

Can the total baryon number in a particle interaction change?

A

No

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20
Q

What type of particle are electrons?

A

Leptons

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21
Q

Is an electron a baryon?

A

No

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22
Q

What type of particle are antineutrinos?

A

Leptons

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23
Q

What is the baryon number of an electron?

A

0

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24
Q

What is the baryon number of an antineutrino?

A

0

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25
Q

What is the baryon number of an neutrino?

A

0

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26
Q

What is the baryon number of an positron?

A

0

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27
Q

What type of particle is a Pion?

A

Meson (Hadron)

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28
Q

What type of particle is a Kaon?

A

Meson (Hadron)

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29
Q

Are mesons stable?

A

No

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30
Q

Are mesons unstable?

A

Yes

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31
Q

What is the baryon number of a meson?

A

0

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32
Q

Which is the lightest meson?

A

Pion

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33
Q

How many types of Pion are there?

A

Three, with different charges

π⁻, π⁺, π⁰

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34
Q

Where do you get a lot of Pions?

A

High-energy collisions

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35
Q

What is the mass of Kaons, relative to Pions?

A

They are heavier

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36
Q

What is the mass of Pions, relative to Kaons?

A

They are lighter

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37
Q

What is the stability of Kaons, relative to Pions?

A

They are more unstable

38
Q

What is the stability of Pions, relative to Kaons?

A

They are more stable

39
Q

What are some different types of Kaons?

A

K⁺, K⁻, K⁰

three different charges

40
Q

How were Pions and Kaons discovered?

A

In cosmic rays

41
Q

What is the source of Pions and Kaons?

A

Cosmic ray showers

42
Q

Where can you observe the track of Pions and Kaons?

A

Cloud chamber

43
Q

What interaction do Mesons interact with Baryons via?

A

Strong nuclear

44
Q

What interaction do Baryons interact with Mesons via?

A

Strong nuclear

45
Q

What are the products when a π⁻ interacts with a proton?

A

π⁰, neutron

46
Q

What is the name of the classification of particles that feel the strong nuclear force?

A

Hadrons; baryons and mesons

47
Q

What is the name of the classification of particles that don’t feel the strong nuclear force?

A

Leptons

48
Q

Are electrons stable?

A

Yes

49
Q

Are muons stable?

A

No

50
Q

Are muons unstable?

A

Yes

51
Q

Are electrons unstable?

A

No

52
Q

What do muons eventually decay into?

A

Electrons

53
Q

What is the neutrino of an electron?

A

v̅e

54
Q

What is the neutrino of an muon?

A

v̅μ

55
Q

What is the mass of a neutrino?

A

Almost zero

56
Q

What is the charge of a neutrino?

A

Zero

57
Q

What forces do neutrinos interact by?

A

Weak nuclear

58
Q

What could a neutrino notably pass through without anything happening?

A

The Earth

59
Q

What are the different types of Lepton number?

A

Le and Lμ

60
Q

What is the opposite for lepton-antilepton pair?

A

Charge, lepton number

61
Q

What is the same for lepton-antilepton pair?

A

Mass, rest energy

62
Q

What is the charge on a μ⁻?

A

-1

63
Q

What is the Le of a μ⁻?

A

0

64
Q

What is the Lμ of a μ⁻?

A

+1

65
Q

What is the Lμ of a μ+?

A

-1

66
Q

What is the charge on a μ+?

A

+1

67
Q

What is the exchange particle of the electromagnetic interaction?

A

Virtual photon γ

68
Q

What is the exchange particle of the weak interaction?

A

W-boson

69
Q

What is the exchange particle of the strong interaction?

A

Pions

70
Q

Are pions stable?

A

No

71
Q

Are kaons stable?

A

No

72
Q

What do kaons decay to?

A

Pions

73
Q

What is the Le of an electron?

A

+1

74
Q

What is the Le of an electron-neutrino?

A

+1

75
Q

What are quarks?

A

The fundamental particle (‘building blocks’) for hadrons

76
Q

When is strangeness conserved?

A

In the strong interaction

77
Q

Is strangeness conserved in the strong interaction?

A

Yes

78
Q

Is strangeness conserved in the weak interaction?

A

No

79
Q

How many quarks are baryons made of?

A

3

80
Q

What is the quark structure of a proton?

A

uud

81
Q

What is the quark structure of a neutron?

A

udd

82
Q

What is the quark structure of a meson?

A

Quark and antiquark

83
Q

What is the quark composition of a π+ ?

A

up / anti-down

84
Q

What is the quark composition of a π0 ?

A

up / anti-up
OR
down / anti-down

85
Q

What is the quark composition of a π- ?

A

down / anti-up

86
Q

What is the strangeness of a pion?

A

Zero

87
Q

What is the quark composition of a K+ ?

A

up / anti-strange

88
Q

What is the quark composition of a K0 ?

A

down / anti-strange

89
Q

What is antiparticle of a K+ ?

A

K-

90
Q

What is antiparticle of a K- ?

A

K+

91
Q

Can you have a single quark on its own?

A

No

A-Level Physics (13 decks)

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