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A levels > AS Chemistry: Unit 1, Module 5, Introduction to organic chemistry > Flashcards

AS Chemistry: Unit 1, Module 5, Introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards

0
Q

Naturally occurring

A

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins

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1
Q

Organic chemistry

A

Chemistry of compounds containing carbon

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2
Q

Synthetic

A

Plastics, medicines, dyes

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3
Q

Bonds on a carbon

A

4

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4
Q

Bonds on hydrogen

A

1

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5
Q

Bonds on oxygen

A

2

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6
Q

Bonds on nitrogen

A

3

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7
Q

Bonds on halogens

A

1

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8
Q

Aliphatic compounds

A

Open chain of carbon atoms

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9
Q

Alycyclic compounds

A

Closed ring of carbon atoms

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10
Q

Aromatic compound

A

Closed ring of carbon atom that contains a benzene ring

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11
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms only

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12
Q

What bonds do Alkanes have?

A

Carbon to Carbon single bonds only

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13
Q

What does saturated mean

A

Contains only carbon to carbon single bonds

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14
Q

What is the general formula for Alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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15
Q

Methane

A

CH₄

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16
Q

Ethane

A

C₂H₆

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17
Q

Propane

A

C₃H₈

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18
Q

Butane

A

C₄H₁₀

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19
Q

Pentane

A

C₅H₁₂

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20
Q

Hexane

A

C₆H₁₄

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21
Q

Alkyle group of Methane (name and formula)

A

Methyl CH₃

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22
Q

Alkyle group of Ethane (name and formula)

A

Ethyl C₂H₅

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23
Q

Alkyle group of Propane (name and formula)

A

Prophyl C₃H₇

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24
Q

Alkyle group of Butane (name and formula)

A

Buthyl C₄H₉

25
Q

Alkyle group of Pentane (name and formula)

A

Penthyl C₅H₁₁

26
Q

Alkyle group of Hexane (name and formula)

A

Hexhyl C₆H₁₃

27
Q

Homologous series

A

A family of molecules which all contain the same functional group, but an increasing number of carbon atoms. They have the same chemical properties and a graduation in physical properties.

28
Q

Empirical formula

A

The simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

29
Q

Molecular formula

A

The actual number of atoms of each element present in a molecule.

30
Q

Structural formula

A

Shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule in a simplified form. (no bonds shown).

31
Q

Displayed formula

A

Shows how the atoms are arranged in space (every atom and bond is shown).

32
Q

Skeletal formula

A

Shows the carbon skeleton only, at every bend is a carbon atom with the correct number of hydrogen atoms.

33
Q

Structural isomers

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures.

34
Q

Functional group

A

An atom or group of atoms which, when present in different molecules, cause them to have similar chemical properties.

35
Q

what is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

36
Q

What is the suffix of an alkane?

A

-ane

37
Q

What is the functional group for alkanes?

A

It does not have one.

38
Q

Why do alkanes not have a functional group?

A

They are the parent hydrocarbon.

39
Q

An example of an alkane.

A

Ethane C₂H₆

40
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

41
Q

What is the suffix of an alkene?

A

-ene

42
Q

What is the functional group of an alkene?

A

Carbon double bond. (C=C)

43
Q

An example of an alkene.

A

Ethene C₂H₄

44
Q

What is the general formula for haloalkanes?

A

CnH2n+1X (X=Halogen)

45
Q

What is the prefix of an haloalkane?

A

Halo-

46
Q

What is the functional group of a haloalkane?

A

A halogen atom (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I)

47
Q

An example of a haloalkane.

A

Chloroethane CH₃CH₂Cl

48
Q

What are the 2 types of isomerism?

A

Structural isomerism and stereoisomerism.

49
Q

Structural isomerism.

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula, but with a different structural formula.

50
Q

What are the 3 types of structural isomerism?

A

Chain,
Position,
functional group.

51
Q

When does chain isomerism occur?

A

When there is two or more ways of arranging the carbon skeleton of a molecule.

52
Q

How many isomers are there if there is only 1 carbon atom?

A

1

53
Q

How many isomers are there if there is only 2 carbon atom?

A

1

54
Q

How many isomers are there if there is only 3 carbon atom?

A

1

55
Q

How many isomers are there if there is only 4 carbon atom?

A

2

56
Q

How many isomers are there if there is only 5 carbon atom?

A

3

57
Q

How many isomers are there if there is only 6 carbon atom?

A

5

58
Q

What is position isomerism?

A

When the molecule has the same carbon skeleton and the same functional group, but the functional group is joined at different places on the carbon skeleton.

59
Q

What is functional group isomerism?

A

When the molecule has a different functional group and therefore has different chemical properties.

A levels (5 decks)

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