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Chemistry > AS 2 - Defininitions > Flashcards

AS 2 - Defininitions Flashcards

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0
Q

Empirical formula

A

Formula which shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

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1
Q

Molecular Formula

A

A formula which shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

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2
Q

Avogadro’s law

A

Equal volumes of gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of particles

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3
Q

Molar gas volume

A

The volume of one molecule of one mole of gas under specified conditions of temperature and pressure

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4
Q

Theoretical yield

A

The maximum possible amount of product from the reactants used

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5
Q

What is coal?

A

Formed from dead plant material

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6
Q

What is crude oil and gas?

A

Formed from dead marine organisms

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7
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Compounds that only contain hydrogen and carbon

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8
Q

Catenate

A

The ability to form multiple covalent bonds

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9
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

Compounds which have the same general formula and have similar chemical properties.

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10
Q

What is the functional group?

A

The part of a structure which determines the characteristic reactions of a compound

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11
Q

What is cracking?

A

Breaking down molecules into smaller ones

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12
Q

Structural isomers

A

Molecules which have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

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13
Q

Chain isomers

A

Similar chemical properties and similar physical properties

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14
Q

What is an electrophile?

A

An ion or molecule that attacks region of high electron density

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15
Q

Heterolytic fission

A

Bond breaking in which the shared electrons go to one atom

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16
Q

Homolytic fission

A

Bond breaking in which one of the shared electrons goes to each atom

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17
Q

Free radical

A

A particle with unpaired electron

18
Q

Monohalogenation

A

When one hydrogen is replaced with a halogen

19
Q

Primary halogenalkane

A

Has only one carbon directly attached to the same carbon as the halogen group

20
Q

Secondary halogenalkane

A

Has two carbons directly attached to the same carbon as the halogen group

21
Q

Tertiary halogenalkane

A

Has three carbons directly attached to the same carbon as the halogen group

22
Q

Substitution reaction

A

When one atom of group is replaced with a different atom or group

23
Q

Nucleophile

A

An ion or molecule, with a lone pair of electrons, that attacks regions of low electron density

24
Q

Hydrolysis

A

The breaking up of molecules by reaction with water

25
Q

Elimination reaction

A

A reaction in which a small molecule is removed from a larger molecule

26
Q

Primary alcohol

A

Only one carbon directly attached to the same carbon as the hydroxyl group

27
Q

Secondary alcohol

A

Has two carbons directly attached to the same carbon as the hydroxyl group

28
Q

Tertiary alcohol

A

Has three carbons directly attached to the same carbon as the hydroxyl group

29
Q

Enthalpy

A

The amount of energy that a substance contains

30
Q

Enthalpy change of a reaction

A

The difference in energy between products and reactants

31
Q

Endothermic

A

A reaction in which the enthalpy of the products is greater than the enthalpy of the reactants

32
Q

Exothermic

A

A reaction in which the enthalpy of the products is less than the enthalpy of the reactants

33
Q

Standard enthalpy of combustion

A

The enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is completely burnt in oxygen under standard conditions

34
Q

The standard enthalpy of formation

A

The enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from the elements under standard reaction

35
Q

What is the conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be converted from one form to another

36
Q

Hess’s Law

A

The enthalpy change for a reaction is independent of the route taken, provided the initial and final conditions are the same

37
Q

Average bond enthalpy

A

Energy required to break one mole of a given bond averaged over many compounds

38
Q

Standard enthalpy of neutralisation

A

The enthalpy change when one mole of water is produced in a neutralisation reaction under standard conditions

39
Q

Standard enthalpy of reaction

A

Enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is completely reacted under standard conditions

40
Q

Reversible reaction

A

One which goes in both the forward and backward directions

41
Q

Equilibrium

A

When a reversible reaction in which the amount of each reactant/product remains constant

42
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

When the rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction

43
Q

Homogenous

A

All reactants and products are in the same state

Chemistry (6 decks)

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