AS 1 - Definitions

Question 0

What is an ion?

Answer 0

Atoms which have lost/gained electrons.

They have charge.

Question 1

What makes up an atom?

Answer 1

Protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 2

Relative Atomic Mass

Answer 2

Average mass of an atom of an element relative to one twelfth of carbon-12

Question 3

Isotopes

Answer 3

Atoms which contain same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 4

Relative Isotopic Mass

Answer 4

The mass of an atom of an isotope of an element relative to one twelfth of carbon-12

Question 5

Relative Molecular Mass

Answer 5

Average mass of a molecule relative to one twelfth of carbon-12

Question 6

Avogadro’s number

Answer 6

Number of atoms in 12g of Carbon-12

Question 7

Molar Mass

Answer 7

Mass of one mole of a substance

Question 8

Empirical Formula

Answer 8

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 9

Water of crystallisation

Answer 9

Water that is chemically bonded within a crystal structure

Question 10

What are the steps in mass spectrometry?

Answer 10

Ionisation > Acceleration > Deflection > Detection

Question 11

Molecular Ion

Answer 11

Ion formed by removal of an electron from a molecule

Question 12

Ground state

Answer 12

An electron configuration in which all the electrons are in the lowest available energy levels

Question 13

How does nuclear charge effect ionisation?

Answer 13

Higher charge - higher attraction

Question 14

How does atomic radius affect ionisation?

Answer 14

Smaller radius > greater attraction

Question 15

How does electron shielding affect ionisation?

Answer 15

Inner shells repel outward > reducing attraction of outer shells

Question 16

Octet rule

Answer 16

When forming compounds, an atom tends to gain, lose or share electrons to achieve eight electrons in its valence shell

Question 17

Coordinate bond

Answer 17

A shared pair of electrons between two atoms where one atom provides both

Question 18

Bonding pair

Answer 18

A pair of electrons shared between two atoms

Question 19

Lone pair

Answer 19

A pair of unshared electrons in the outer shell of an atom

Question 20

Polar bond

Answer 20

A covalent bond in which there is unequal sharing of the bonding electrons

Question 21

Electronegativity

Answer 21

The extent to which an atom attracts the bonding electrons in a covalent bond

Question 22

Delocalised electrons

Answer 22

Outer electrons that do not have fixed positions but move freely

Question 23

What leads to induced dipoles and Van der Waal forces?

Answer 23

Asymmetry in the electron cloud which produces the dipoles

Question 24

Redox reaction

Answer 24

When oxidation and reduction occur in the same reaction

Question 25

Oxidation

Answer 25

Loss of electrons
Loss of hydrogen
Gain of oxygen

Question 26

Reduction

Answer 26

Gain of electrons
Gain of hydrogen
Loss of oxygen

Question 27

Bond enthalpy

Answer 27

Energy required to break one mole of a specific bond