AS Flashcards
two bond angles
180, linear
three bond angles
120, triganol planar
four bond angles
109.5, tetrahedral
six bond angles
90, octahedral
two lone pairs and two bond pairs
104.5, non linear
one lone pair and three bond pairs
107, pyramidal
first ionisation energy
the energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms
electronegativity
the ability of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond
chlorine and sodium hydroxide
NaCl + NaClO + H2O
q(J) =
mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change
0°C = ?K
273K
^H =
(q÷1000)/number of moles
temperature increase means
exothermic and negative enthalpy change
concurrent results are
within 0.1cm^3 of each other
pV=
nRT
carbocation occurs
on most stable carbon, one surrounded by most other carbons
number of particles =
NA (avogadros constant) x moles
relative atomic mass
the weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of C-12
mole
the amount of substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12g of C-12
standard conditions
298K and 100kPa
alkane to haloalkane
UV light, halogenation
haloalkane to alcohol
NaOHaq reflux
alcohol to haloalkane
Na-halogen, H2SO4
alkene to alcohol
high temp, high pressure, phophoric acid, steam
alcohol to alkene
high temp, high pressure, H2SO4
