Artificial Intelligence

Question 0

Programs

Answer 0

Implement algorithms

–written in specific programming languages

Question 1

Algorithm

Answer 1

Sequence of instructions, effective procedure

–independent of programming language

Question 2

ANN

Answer 2

Artificial Neural Network

Question 3

Parts of a ANN (neural net)

Answer 3

Nodes, links

Question 4

Nodes

Answer 4

• activation value
• thresholds (nodes can fire if input exceeds threshold)
• units in a network
• like cell body of a neuron

Question 5

Links

Answer 5

• connections b/w nodes
• weights
• like synapses of neuron

Question 6

Weights

Answer 6

Number associated with that link

• can be positive or negative
• numerical value b/w -1 and 1
• closer to |1| = heavier weight

Question 7

Basis Function

Answer 7

Receives inputs, calculates summation (like cell body of neuron)

Sj = (sum) aiwji

Question 8

Inputs

Answer 8

Each connected node’s activation value multiplies by connection weight of link b/w the two

Question 9

Identity function

Answer 9

When activation same as input

Question 10

Simple network (feed forward)

Answer 10

Flow of activation = forward only

Question 11

Hidden layer

Answer 11

Only communicate with units INSIDE network (don’t get external input or send output outside)

Question 12

Backpropogation

Answer 12

• initial response compared to target response
• target provided by “teacher”
• actual result subtracts from target result
• -error signal (target - actual)
• -feeds back to network

Question 13

Definition of a robot (4 things)

Answer 13

• mechanical creature, can function w/ no operator
• can adapt to changing environment
• can function even if some parts break
• can move and change things

Question 14

hard stuff

Answer 14

Can robot do things like have conversation, interact in human like way?

Top to bottom: start w/ language, interaction

Question 15

Easy stuff

Answer 15

Movement in an environment

Bottom to top: start w/ interaction w/ environment

Question 16

The uncanny valley

Answer 16

(Hard stuff)

• as we get closer to a robot being more human like…things get creepier
• -more human like, more positive response
• -gross
• -positive

Question 17

Mobots

Answer 17

Mobile robots

• modeled on organisms (e.g. Cockroach)
• adapt to uneven terrain

Question 18

Early robotic systems based on 3 primitive functions

Answer 18

1. Sense
   - takes data from sensors
2. Plan
   - takes sense data, creates task to execute
3. Act
   - sends commands to manipulator

Question 19

Reactive paradigm

Answer 19

Get rid of planning, just sense and act

Question 20

Subsumption architecture

Answer 20

Planning is subsumed (absorbed) by sense/act interaction

Question 21

Series of layers for different behaviors

Answer 21

Layer 1: use sonar to detect obstacles, move away from them

Layer 2: wander around