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RT 110 > Artifacts in Manual > Flashcards

Artifacts in Manual Flashcards

1
Q

• Appearance: Light or faint images

A

UNDERDEVELOPMENT

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2
Q

• Causes:
➢ Insufficient development time

A

UNDERDEVELOPMENT

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3
Q

• Causes:
➢ Cold developer
(developer solution temperature too low)

A

UNDERDEVELOPMENT

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4
Q

• Causes:
➢Weak developer solution (e.g.,
due to dilution or depletion of
chemicals)

A

UNDERDEVELOPMENT

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5
Q

• Appearance: Dark images

A

OVERDEVELOPMENT

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6
Q

• Causes:
➢ Excessive development time

A

OVERDEVELOPMENT

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7
Q

• Causes:
➢ High developer temperature

A

OVERDEVELOPMENT

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8
Q

• Appearance: Irregular dark stains

A

DEVELOPER CONTAMINATION

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9
Q

• Appearance: Dark spots

A

DEVELOPER SPLASHES

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10
Q

• Appearance: Uniform gray fog

A

DEVELOPER FOG

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11
Q

• Appearance:
Patchy or streaked images

A

INCOMPLETE DEVELOPMENT

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12
Q

• Appearance: Streaks or unevenness in the image

A

BROMIDE DRAG

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13
Q

• Cause:
➢ Exhausted developer

A

BROMIDE DRAG

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14
Q

• Causes:
➢ Uneven immersion of the film in the developer solution

A

INCOMPLETE DEVELOPMENT

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15
Q

• Causes:
➢ Improper agitation during development

A

INCOMPLETE DEVELOPMENT

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16
Q

• Causes:
➢ Fixer contamination entering the developer solution

A

DEVELOPER CONTAMINATION

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17
Q

• Causes:
➢ Splashing of developer onto the film before processing

A

DEVELOPER SPLASHES

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18
Q

• Causes:
➢ Prolonged development time

A

DEVELOPER FOG

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19
Q

• Causes:
➢ Outdated or exhausted
chemicals in the developer

A

DEVELOPER FOG

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20
Q

• Appearance: Milky or cloudy film

A

INADEQUATE FIXING

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21
Q

• Causes:
➢ Insufficient fixing time

A

INADEQUATE FIXING

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22
Q

➢ Weak or exhausted fixer solution

A

INADEQUATE FIXING

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23
Q

➢ Incorrect temperature during
fixing

A

INADEQUATE FIXING

24
Q

• Appearance: Brown or yellow stains over time

A

FIXER RETENTION

25
• Cause: ➢ Incomplete washing after fixing
FIXER RETENTION
26
• Appearance: White spots on the film
FIXER SPLASHES BEFORE DEVELOPMENT
27
• Cause: ➢ Fixer splashing onto the film before exposure to the developer
FIXER SPLASHES BEFORE DEVELOPMENT
28
• Appearance: Poor image contrast or incomplete clearing of unexposed silver halide
FIXER DEPLETION
29
• Causes: ➢ Exhausted fixer solution
FIXER DEPLETION
30
• Causes: ➢ Infrequent replacement of fixer chemicals
FIXER DEPLETION
31
• Appearance: Yellowish-brown stains over
INADEQUATE WASHING
32
• Causes: ➢ Insufficient washing time
INADEQUATE WASHING
33
• Appearance: White spots where the film was not in contact with chemicals
AIR BUBBLES
34
• Causes: ➢ Poor water circulation
INADEQUATE WASHING
35
• Causes: ➢ Use of stagnant or contaminated water
INADEQUATE WASHING
36
Cause: ➢ Air trapped on the film surface during development or fixing
AIR BUBBLES
37
• Appearance: Round, clear or lightcolored spots
WATER SPOTS
38
• Causes: ➢ Uneven drying, leaving behind water droplets
WATER SPOTS
39
• Causes: ➢ Hard water deposits drying on the film surface
WATER SPOTS
40
• Appearance: Warped or wavy film
UNEVEN DRYING
41
• Causes: ➢ Uneven air circulation during drying
UNEVEN DRYING
42
• Causes: ➢ Excessive drying heat
UNEVEN DRYING
43
• Appearance: Mottled or cracked emulsion
RETICULATION
44
• Cause: ➢ Sudden temperature changes between processing solutions (e.g., developer and fixer)
RETICULATION
45
• Appearance: Dark or light smudges
FINGERPRINTS
46
• Causes: ➢ Touching the film with wet, dirty, or contaminated hands
FINGERPRINTS
47
• Causes: ➢ Handling film before it is fully dry
FINGERPRINTS
48
• Appearance: White lines or marks
SCRATCHES AND ABRASIONS
49
• Causes: ➢ Scraping or rubbing the film when the emulsion is soft and wet
SCRATCHES AND ABRASIONS
50
• Causes: ➢ Using rough surfaces or tools when handling
SCRATCHES AND ABRASIONS
51
• Appearance: Crescent-shaped marks (half-moon artifacts)
KINKING OR CREASING
52
• Causes: ➢ Bending or creasing the film during handling
KINKING OR CREASING
53
• Causes: ➢ Applying too much force when loading or unloading film from cassettes
KINKING OR CREASING
54
• Appearance: Black spots or streaks
PRESSURE MARKS
55
• Causes: ➢ Excessive pressure applied to the film before development
PRESSURE MARKS
56
• Causes: ➢ Stacking films under heavy objects
PRESSURE MARKS

RT 110 (9 decks)

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