Artifacts in Automatic

Question 1

• Appearance: Fine, evenly spaced
parallel lines

Answer 1

GUIDE SHOE MARKS

Question 2

• Causes:
➢ Misaligned rollers or guide shoes during the film transport process

Answer 2

GUIDE SHOE MARKS

Question 3

• Causes:
➢ Incorrect positioning of the film
as it moves through the processing equipment

Answer 3

GUIDE SHOE MARKS

Question 4

• Appearance: Repetitive black or white marks at regular intervals

Answer 4

PI LINES

Question 5

• Causes:
➢ Dirty rollers or other processing equipment parts (e.g., rollers or
film guides)

Answer 5

PI LINES

Question 6

• Appearance: Alternating dark and light bands

Answer 6

CHATTER MARKS

Question 7

• Causes:
➢ Uneven roller movement or
malfunctioning rollers

Answer 7

CHATTER MARKS

Question 8

• Causes:
➢ Inconsistent film transport
speed caused by dirty or worn
rollers

Answer 8

CHATTER MARKS

Question 9

• Appearance: Crescent-shaped or halfmoon-shaped marks

Answer 9

CRESCENT OR HALF-MOON MARKS

Question 10

• Causes:
➢ Bending of the film during
transport

Answer 10

CRESCENT OR HALF-MOON MARKS

Question 11

• Causes:
➢ Excessive pressure on the film as it moves through the rollers or
when the film is not properly
supported

Answer 11

CRESCENT OR HALF-MOON MARKS

Question 12

• Appearance: Fine, white scratches

Answer 12

ROLLER SCRATCHES

Question 13

• Causes:
➢ Dirty or worn-out rollers

Answer 13

ROLLER SCRATCHES

Question 14

• Causes:
➢ Buildup of dirt or chemicals on
the rollers, which scrapes against
the film during transport

Answer 14

ROLLER SCRATCHES

Question 15

• Appearance: Streaks or lines caused by water droplets during drying

Answer 15

WATER STREAKS

Question 16

• Causes:
➢ Uneven drying of the film,
typically due to trapped water
droplets

Answer 16

WATER STREAKS

Question 17

• Causes:
➢ Contaminated water used in
washing or final rinse

Answer 17

WATER STREAKS

Question 18

• Appearance: Black tree-branch or starburst patterns

Answer 18

STATIC DISCHARGE ARTIFACTS

Question 19

• Causes:
➢ Static electricity discharge
during film handling, especially in
low-humidity environments

Answer 19

STATIC DISCHARGE ARTIFACTS

Question 20

• Causes:
➢ Rapid peeling of film from
cassettes or film holders

Answer 20

STATIC DISCHARGE ARTIFACTS

Question 21

• Causes:
➢ Friction between film and dry
surfaces

Answer 21

STATIC DISCHARGE ARTIFACTS

Question 22

• Appearance: Dark streaks or smudges

Answer 22

WET-PRESSURE ARTIFACTS

Question 23

• Causes:
➢ Excessive pressure applied to
wet poqfilm

Answer 23

WET-PRESSURE ARTIFACTS

Question 24

• Causes:
➢ Improper handling of the film
during processing

Answer 24

WET-PRESSURE ARTIFACTS

Question 25

• Causes: ➢ Film rollers exerting uneven pressure while the film is wet

Answer 25

WET-PRESSURE ARTIFACTS

Question 26

• Appearance: Areas of missing emulsion (white or clear spots on the film)

Answer 26

EMULSION PICKOFF

Question 27

• Causes: ➢ Rollers or equipment pulling off portions of the film emulsion

Answer 27

EMULSION PICKOFF

Question 28

• Causes: ➢ Excessive friction or pressure from processing rollers

Answer 28

EMULSION PICKOFF

Question 29

• Causes: ➢Poor maintenance of processing equipment

Answer 29

EMULSION PICKOFF

Question 30

• Appearance: Darkened film with reduced contrast

Answer 30

LIGHT FOGGING

Question 31

• Causes: ➢ Exposure to light leaks in the darkroom before processing

Answer 31

LIGHT FOGGING

Question 32

• Causes: ➢ Improperly closed or damaged film packaging

Answer 32

LIGHT FOGGING

Question 33

• Causes: ➢ Handling film under improper safelight conditions

Answer 33

LIGHT FOGGING

Question 34

• Appearance: Warped, sticky, or fogged film

Answer 34

HEAT AND HUMIDITY DAMAGE

Question 35

• Causes: ➢ Storing film in high-temperature or humid environments

Answer 35

HEAT AND HUMIDITY DAMAGE

Question 36

• Causes: ➢ Exposure to moisture, leading to film emulsion damage

Answer 36

HEAT AND HUMIDITY DAMAGE

Question 37

• Appearance: Foggy film with reduced contrast and image quality

Answer 37

AGED FILM

Question 38

• Causes: ➢ Using expired film past its shelf life

Answer 38

AGED FILM

Question 39

• Causes: ➢Improper storage conditions accelerating degradation

Answer 39

AGED FILM

Question 40

• Appearance: Small, dark spots or areas

Answer 40

PRESSURE MARKS

Question 41

• Causes: ➢ Excessive handling pressure on unprocessed film

Answer 41

PRESSURE MARKS

Question 42

• Causes: ➢ Film being stacked or pressed under heavy objects

Answer 42

PRESSURE MARKS

Question 43

• Appearance: Crescent-shaped black marks or lines

Answer 43

CRIMPING AND BENDING

Question 44

• Causes: ➢ Bending or folding the film during handling

Answer 44

CRIMPING AND BENDING

Question 45

• Causes: ➢ Accidentally creasing the film while loading into cassettes

Answer 45

CRIMPING AND BENDING

Question 46

• Appearance: Small white specks or streaks

Answer 46

DUST OR LINT CONTAMINATION

Question 47

• Causes: ➢ Film being exposed while dust or lint is present on the surface

Answer 47

DUST OR LINT CONTAMINATION

Question 48

• Causes: ➢ Dirty darkroom or film cassettes

Answer 48

DUST OR LINT CONTAMINATION

Question 49

• Appearance: Black tree-like branching patterns

Answer 49

STATIC TREE BRANCHING

Question 50

• Causes: ➢ Static discharge due to low humidity

Answer 50

STATIC TREE BRANCHING

Question 51

• Causes: ➢ Peeling apart film rapidly

Answer 51

STATIC TREE BRANCHING

Question 52

• Causes: ➢Friction from handling or storage

Answer 52

STATIC TREE BRANCHING

Question 53

• Appearance: Large, irregular white or black marks resembling a lightning bolt

Answer 53

LIGHTNING MARKS

Question 54

• Causes: ➢ Sudden electrical discharge from film handling

Answer 54

LIGHTNING MARKS

Question 55

• Causes: ➢ Extremely high static buildup

Answer 55

LIGHTNING MARKS