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PTA 120 - KIN > Articular System ch.4 pt.1 > Flashcards

Articular System ch.4 pt.1 Flashcards

1
Q

function of joint?

A

allow movement
provide stability

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2
Q

joint that allows more mobility has less ___

A

stability

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3
Q

joint surface movement?

A

arthrokinematics

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4
Q

joint movement

A

osteokinematics

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5
Q

3 ways joints are classified?

A

shape
type
function

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6
Q

2 types of joints in musculoskeletal systems are?

A

synarthrosis
diathrosis

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7
Q

synarthrosis joints are subdivided into which joints?

A

fibrous
cartilaginous joints

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8
Q

which joint provides stability ?

A

synarthrosis

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9
Q

which joint provides mobility?

A

diarthrosis

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10
Q

type of fibrous joint w a thin layer of fibrous periosteum bt 2 bones?

A

sutures in the skull

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11
Q

type of fibrous joint held together by ligaments, interosseous membrane

A

ligamentous

allow some twisting/stretching but mostly stability

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12
Q

type of joint bt the tooth and wall of the mandible?

A

gomphosis

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13
Q

which joint type provides stability while allowing small movements like bending, twisting, & compression?

A

cartilaginous joints

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14
Q

2 cartilage types that are in cartilaginous joints?

A

hyaline cartilage
fibrocartilage - in the spine

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15
Q

also called synovial joint providing more mobility than stability?

A

diarthrosis joint

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16
Q

ligament

A

bone to bone fibrous connective tissue

nonelastic

attachments for cartilage, fascia, & sometimes muscles

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17
Q

surrounds & encases a joint?

A

capsule

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18
Q

Which vascular connective tissue secretes synovial fluid?

A

synovial membrane

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19
Q

thick clear fluid primarily of water & dissolved protein

A

synovial fluid

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20
Q

2 major functions of synovial fluid?

A

lubricates articular cartilage to reduce friction
&
serves as a major source of nutrition for articular cartilage `

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21
Q

a dense, fibrous connective tissue that can withstand great amounts of pressure/tension?

A

cartilage

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22
Q

what are the 3 basic types of cartilage in the body?

A

hyaline
fibrocartilage
elastic

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23
Q

also known as articular cartilage, covers end of bones in a synovial joint

A

hyaline cartilage

  • avascular
  • cannot repair is damaged
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24
Q

present in both synovial & cartilaginous joints

shock absorption

A

fibrocartilage

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25
Q

is a ring of soft tissue or cartilage that surrounds the socket of a ball-and-socket joint, such as the shoulder or hip, to provide stability and support

A

Labrum

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26
Q

between the bodies of vertebrae absorb stresses on the vertebrae

A

discs

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27
Q

type of cartilage that helps maintain a structures shape

A

elastic cartilage

ex: ear or larynx

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28
Q

connects muscle to bone

A

tendon

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29
Q

fibrous sleeves surrounding a tendon to reduce friction, pressures

A

tendon sheath

30
Q

bigger than a tendon, is a broad, flat, and tendinous sheet attaching muscle to bone

A

aponeurosis

ex: linea alba & thoracolumbar fascia

31
Q

small fluid-filled, pillow-like sacs near many joints provide cushion and reduce friction

A

bursae

32
Q

2 types of bursae

A

natural bursae
acquired bursae

33
Q

the sensation a clinician perceives when passively moving a pt’s joint to the end of its ROM

A

end feel

34
Q

3 types of normal end feels

A

soft
firm
hard

35
Q

compression of muscle bulk stops motion

A

soft end feel

36
Q

resistance of movement from a ligament, capsule, or muscle stops motion

A

firm end feel

37
Q

hard limitation of passive joint w not “give” in overpressure

A

hard/bony end feel

38
Q

4 abnormal end feels?

A

empty
boggy
muscle spasm
springy

39
Q

abrupt stop to motion by pt d/t pain

A

empty end feel

40
Q

soft tissue swelling

A

boggy end feel
or
soft/wet sponge

41
Q

reflexive guard or abnormal muscle tone during movement

A

muscle spasm

42
Q

a rebound movement @ internal derangement of jt
ex: torn cartilage

A

springy block

43
Q

joint surface w 2 bones forming a concave/convex relationship

A

ovoid joint

44
Q

the articular surfaces on each side of the joint have BOTH a concave/convex surface

A

sellar (saddle) joint

45
Q

the degree to which joint articulating surfaces match or fit one another

A

joint congruency

46
Q

position occurring when joint surfaces are most congruent

A

closed-packed position

47
Q

position where increased laxity of the joint capsule & supporting ligament and a decrease in congruency of another articular cartilage

A

open-packed position

48
Q

types of arthrokinematic movements for joint mobility

A

roll
glide
spin

49
Q

movement of 1 surface rolling on another. new points on each surface make contact.

ex: knee flexion/extension

A

rolling

50
Q

linear movement of 1 joint surface parallel to another. One point on one surface contacts new points on another surface.

ex: ice skater on ice

A

glide

51
Q

rotation of 1 joint surface on another. The same point on each surface remains in contact

ex: top spinning on a table

A

spin

52
Q

concave/convex rule

A

concave joint surface will glide on a fixed surface in the same direction of movement

convex joint surface will glide in the opposite direction as the end of the moving bone that is farthest from the joint at which movement occurs

52
Q

joint play is the …

A

the smallest amount of movement available in a joint necessary for arthrokinematic movement

53
Q

clinical techniques using the application of the same principles & stresses to restore joint function by lengthening soft tissue around the joint

A

joint mobilization

54
Q

complete separation of the articular surfaces of a joint

A

dislocation

55
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation of a joint

56
Q

osteoarthritis

A

degenerative arthritis d/t aging

57
Q

tears of ligaments, capsules, and are described by severity

A

sprains

58
Q

1st degree sprain

A

tearing a few ligament fibers w/ no loss of function

59
Q

2nd degree sprain

A

partial tearing of a liament w some loss of function

60
Q

3rd degree sprain

A

full rupture of a ligament & no longer functions

61
Q

the overstretching of muscle fibers

A

strain

62
Q

1st-degree strain

A

tearing a few muscle fibers w no loss of function

63
Q

2nd-degree strain

A

partial tearing of muscle fibers w some loss of function

64
Q

3rd degree strain

A

full rupture of muscle fiber w loss of function

65
Q

inflammation will include

A

swelling
redness
increased temperature
pain

66
Q

inflammation of a tendon

A

tendonitis

67
Q

inflammation of a synovial membrane

A

synovitis

68
Q

inflammation of a tendon sheath

A

tenosynovitis

69
Q

inflammation of the bursa

A

bursitis

70
Q

aids clinicians in identifying the capsule as the source of the restriction to motion

A

capsular pattern

PTA 120 - KIN (3 decks)

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