Article 48 Flashcards
Title of Art. 48 of the RPC
Penalty for complex crimes
What is a complex crime?
A single act that constitutes two or more grave or less grave felonies, or when an offense is a necessary means for committing the other
Two kinds of complex crimes (2)
- When a single act constitutes two or more grave or less grave felonies (Compound Crime)
- When an offense is a necessary means for committing the other (Complex Crime Proper)
Requisites of a single act that constitutes two or more grave or less grave felonies (Compound Crime) (2)
- That only SINGLE ACT is performed by the offender
- That the single act produces:
(1) Two or more grave felones; or
(2) One or more grave and one or more less grave felonies; or
(3) Two or more less grave felonies
Is there a complex crime when the single act results into several light felonies?
No, they are treated as separate offenses
Can there be a complex crime when criminal negligence is involved?
Yes, Art. 48 is applicable to crimes through negligence
Do theft of firearm and illegal possession of same firearm form a complex crime?
No, they are two distinct crimes
Requisites for when an offense is a necessary means for committing the other (Complex Crime Proper) (3)
- That AT LEAST TWO offenses are committed
- That one or some of the offenses must be NECESSARY to commit the other
- That both or all the offenses must be punished UNDER THE SAME STATUTE
Does the phrase “necessary means” mean “indispensible means”?
No, if it were, then it would be an ingredient thereof
Is there a complex crime when one offense is committed to conceal the other?
No
Is there a complex crime where one of the offense is penalized by a special law?
No
Which court has jurisdiction when two crimes produced by a single act are respectively within the exclusive jurisdiction of two courts of different jurisdictions?
The court of higher jurisdiction shall try the complex crime
Is Article 48 intended to favor the culprit?
Yes, in a sense it imposes a lower penalty than the aggregate of the of the penalties supposedly imposed
When two felonies constituting a complex crime are punishable by imprisonment and fine, which one should be imposed?
Only the penalty of imprisonment
When does article 48 apply?
Only to cases where the Code does not provide a definite specific penalty for a complex crime