Arthropods: ID Pictures Flashcards
Found on grooming equipment
Haematopinus asini
You find lesions on a horses rump, back, poll, and ears
Culicoides brevitarsis
You are working in Africa and discover Onchocera gutturosa in a cow. The farmer has Onchocera volvulus.
Siulium (S. damnosum)- In Africa, Austrosimulium (A. pestilens here in AUS)
You find a fly on a reptile here in AUS.
Phlebotomum
They are vectors for trypanosomes, anthrax, and some nematodes.
Tabanus (horse flies, march flies)
Found on a sheep. All over Australia. Introduced species.
Lucilia cuprina
Found on a sheep
Calliphora stygia
Larvae are canibalistic
Chrysomya rufifacacies (hair maggot blowfly)
A native blow fly who is sometimes primary, but usually secondary for blow fly strike
Calliphora augur
Introduced, only found in Southern Australia. Primary role in blowfly strike
Lucilia sericata
Blue blowfly. Old world screw worm fly. Not in AUS.
Chrysomya bezziana
Identified by bands spines on each segment (dorsal and ventral). Pupal stage in soil. Eggs laid in wounds.
Chrysomya bezziana
New world screw worm fly. Not found in AUS. Eradicated in the USA.
Callitroga hominivorax
Flies active in the summer, only live for a few days, can lay many eggs. Where would you find their larvae? What is unique about their larvae?
Gasterophilus. Larvae in the nose, throat, or stomach. (G. haemorrhoidalis- nose bot- rare). They have hooks on the anterior end of the larvae.
Parasite from the nasal cavity of a sheep.
Oestrus ovis
ID this parasite from the stomach of a horse.
Gasterophilus
What is this? What is another similar larvae?
Oestrus ovis. Similar to Gasterophilus
Found on the back of a cow. What is the other kind? Where are they found?
Hypoderma bovis. (Hypoderma lineatum). EU, Asia, and North America.
Tropical warble fly, South America, uses mosquitoes and ticks as transport hosts- affects any vertebrates including man.
Dermatobia hominis
In trachea of red kangaroo
Tracheomyia macropi
Pharynx of deer
Cephenomyia spp.
Nasal bot of camels
Cephalopina titillator
LC is egg, larvae, puparium, adult.
Musca domestica
Breed in cattle dung. Over winter in Northern Australia.
Musca vestustissima (the bush fly)
Breed in decaying organic matter. Affect horses and dogs commonly.
Stomoxya calcitrans (the stable fly)
Introduced from SE Asia. Feed on cattle, buffalo, horses and dogs. Vector of typanosoma evansi and nematode Stephanofilaria sp.
Haematobia exigua
Exclusively parasitic (blood feeders), feet with strong claws, females viviparous, larvae pupate immediately. Numerous species on birds and on horses.
Hippoboscidae (on horses Hippobosca equina)
Part of the family hippoboscidae. No wings. Lives in wool. Pupal case attached to wool. Pupae hatch in 19-36 days. Live 4-5 months. E o H: blood feeders, cause anaemia, stain wool (“ticky wool”), transmit Trypanosoma (protozoan)
Melanophagus ovinus (sheep ked)
What is AT? MT? EP? What two combs are present?
AT- antenna
MT- palps
EP- feeding tube
combs: genal ctenidium, pronotal ctenidium
How do recognize flea larvae?
Anal struts
Your dog is scratching during the summer- you find bumps on base of tail and thighs. Your dog is 4 years old.
Ctenocephalides canis (or C. felis)- dogs 5 months- 5 yo
You live in a hot, dry area. You find fleas on poultry and native animals.
Echidonophaga gallinacea
You can find me on humans, pigs or dogs
Pulex irritans.
The genal comb is “vertical.” Sometimes found on cats, but not main host.
Spiropsyllus cuniculi (the rabbit flea)
Found on the body of a sheep. 30% of properties affected. Medium rainfall areas- heavy rains can kill eggs. Pulled wool. Photophobic (good because shearing removes 30-50% of lice)- they die because afterward they exposed to UV radiation. Optimum temp 37C. lower numbers in summer moisture. If humid >90% eggs do not hatch. How do you treat?
Damalinia ovis. OPs or SPs full muster because if you underdose–> resistance (More resistant to SPs)
Found on the face of a sheep
Linognathus ovillus
Found on the foot of a sheep
Linognathus pedalis
Found on the body of a horse. Transmitted by contact.
Damalinia equi
Sucking louse of a horse. Transmitted on riding and grooming equipment.
Haematopinus asini
Found on body of cattle
Damalinia bovis
Sucking lice of cattle. Max numbers in winter. Head, neck, back, tail. Cause rubbing. Larger nos. in sick animals.
Haematopinus eurysternus
Sucking lice of cattle. Max numbers in winter. Head, neck, back, tail. Cause rubbing. Larger nos. in sick animals.
Solenopotes capillatus
What are the three possible species?
Haematopinus eurysternus, Solenopotes capillatus, Linognathus vituli
Found on a pig
Haematopinus suis
You find red spots on a pig. The pig has pox & swine fever.
Haematopinus suis
Found on a dog
Trichodectes canis
Found on a dog
Linognathus setosus
Found on a dog
Heterodoxus spiniger
Found on an old, sick cat
Felicola subrostratus
Your chickens are irritated, have feather loss, poor growth, reduced egg production. How do you treat?
Menacanthus stramineus.
Treatment: dust baths, aerosol, vaporisers
Your chickens are irritated, with feather loss, poor growth, and reduced egg production. How do you treat?
Lipeurus caponis.
Treatment: dust baths, aerosol, vaporisers
Found on a human. Could be either one of two? Vector of typhus.
Pediculus humanis, Pediculus capitis
Found in a student bed
Phthirus pubis (pubic louse)
What are the two parts of a tick body?
Gnathosoma (capitulum) and idiosoma (the rest)
How many pairs of legs does a tick have? Larva? Nymph?
4 pairs of legs. Larva have 3 pairs. Nymph have 4 pairs of legs.
What kind of parasite are ticks?
Obligate parasites; need blood meals, but most of their life cycle is spent off host
What classification does this stick fall under? Why?
Argasidae (family). “soft ticks” no scutum, mouthparts underneath, rapid feeders (hours)
What classification does this tick fall under? Why?
Ixodidae (family). “hard ticks” scutum present, mouth parts anterior, slow feeders (days)
Found on fowl. Eggs laid in cracks. Larvae feed for 5-10 days. Larvae survive for 3 months without food. Adults survive for 3-5 years without food. Transmit Borrelia anserina and Aegyptianella pullorum. How do you treat? Why so serious? Death due to paralysis
Argas persicus (fowl tick)
Tx: OP spray, kerosene emulsion
Other argasid ticks. Live in sand feed on any host species. Transmit Q fever. Cause painful bites. Found recently in WA.
Otobius megnini- spinose ear tick. In North America and Africa. Horses, cattle, and dogs.
What are tampan ticks in Africa and Australia?
Ornithodoros moubata in Africa
Ornithodoros gurneyi in Australia
Common host are bandicoots. 3 host tick. Life cycle takes 18 months. Nymphs mainly in autumn.
Ixodes holocyclus
Short palps with ridges, pale legs, anal groove behind anus, engorged female has “waist”
Northern Australia
Occurs on cattle, horses, sheep, dogs and pigs
Drop off on day 22 in early morning
What do they transmit?
Boophilus microplus
Transmit: Babesia, Anaplasma, Theileria
There is a vaccine against tick gut protein. 70% effective need 2 vaccinations.
What is used to control?
What is the problem?
Boophilus microplus
Spelling and macrocyclic lactones
Damage to hides (loss of 25% value)- anaemia, anorexia, reduced growth rate and milk production
Lateral projections on palps. Anal groove behind anus. Introduced in Australia. Common in SE Asia. Cattle and horses and dogs. Vector of Babesia gibsoni for dogs.
Haemaphysalis longicornis
Anal groove behind anus, basis capitulis projects, forked first coxa
Common in tropical countries, introduced, uncommon but present in Melbourne, Babesia canis of dogs.
Rhipicephalus sanguineus “brown dog tick”
Long mouth parts, anal groove behind anus, often brightly coloured. Important on cattle in Africa and USA. Most AUS species occur on reptiles (wombat, echidna, kangaroos)
Aponomma & Amblyomma
Sucking lice of goats
Linognathus stenopsis, Linognathus africanus
Biting lice of goats
Damalinia caprae
What is this on a prostigmatid mite?
Peritreme (part of the integument that surrounds the spiracles)
What is this on a mesostigmatid mite?
Spiracle or stigma
What does the sub order Prostigmata have that is different?
Feather-like setae
The red mite of poultry. Triangular anal plate. LC: eggs, larva, 2 nymphs. Eggs laid in crevices. LC 7 days. Nocturnal. Blood feeders. Transmit Borrelia anserina
Dermanyssus gallinae
Common on wild birds. Anaemia, reduced egg production, blood feeders. Not host specific. 2 possible?
Ornithonyssus bursa, Ornithonyssus sylviarum
Mesostigmatid mite: nasal mite of dog
Pneumonyssoides caninum
Mestostigmatid mite: ear mite of cattle
Raillietia auris
Mesostigmatid mite: Snake mite
Ophionyssus natricis
Mesostigmatid mite: Canary lung mite
Sternostoma tracheacolum
Trombiculids. Only larvae are parasitic. Attach in clusters. Transmit scrub typhus (Rickettsia australis). “Black soil itch” in QLD.
Trombicula (chiggers, harvest mites)
Hair follicles. Feed on cytoplasm. All stages in hair follicles (egg, 2 nymphs, adults). Host specific. Secondary infection with Staph. albus
Demodex canis
How do you treat Demodex canis?
Amitraz, ivermectin, can be difficult to treat
Pig demodex- lesions on head
Demodex phylloides
Cattle demodex. What damage?
Demodex bovis
Damages hide
Demodex on sheeps, goats, and horses
Demodex ovis, Demodex caprae, Demodex equi
Demodex on man?
Demodex folliculorum
Prevalence 50%, common in black heads, base of eye lashes
A sheep has pulled wool on sides between hip and shoulder and near mid-line. How do you treat?
Psorergates ovis (sheep itch mite)
Treat: none, amitraz, OPs, ivermectin- will not eliminate mite
Spreads slowly in mob. Most abundant in winter.
Claw on palp, mild mange, often around head
What are the three possible species and who do they affect?
Cheyletiella parasitivorax- rabbits
Cheyletiella yasguir- dogs
Cheyletiella blakei- cats
Triangular scales on dorsum, can survive but not reproduce on other hosts, lays eggs in tunnel
Pigs, camels, ferrets, humans, wombats
Sarcoptes scabiei
Three possible species- name them and who do they affect? Sarcoptid genera on mammals
Trixacarus caviae- sarcoptid mite of guinea pigs
Notoedres cati- mainly on cats and rabbits
Notoedres muris- on rodents
Sarcoptid mites of birds. Name the three species and where they impact species or who?
Cnemidocoptes gallinae- in feathers, depluming mite of poultry
Cnemidocoptes mutans- on legs of chicken, scaly leg
Cnemidocoptes pili- on beak and legs of psittacines
What is this mite and who does it affect?
Otodectes cynotis- ear mite of cats and dogs (tissue fluid feeders- cause scabs)- also on foxes and rabbits
Segmented pedicels, live under scabs, can kill sheep, most abundant in cool weather
Psoroptes ovis
Found in the ear of an alpaca
Psoroptes cuniculi- ear mite
Affects rabbit, horses, goats, alpaca. Common in lab rabbits. Causes irritation, shaking of head.
Repellents
DEET (N,N diethyl-m-toluamide), dipropyl isocinchomeronate, piperonyl but oxide, citronella
Organophosphates (OPs)
Inhibit acetylchoiline esterase, binding reversible.
Persistence- short (24 hours- 12 weeks), broken down in the environment, non-cumulative
(Antidote- atropine)
Topical or oral administration.
WHO: Damalinia ovis, Damalinia caprae, Gasterophilus, Oestrus ovis, Hypoderma, Melophagus ovinus, Musca vestustissima, Ctenocephalides felis or canis, Argas persicus, Haematobia exigua
** HAEMONCHUS, High doses needed to kill Trichostrongylus and Ostertagia
** only used in sheep in combination when resistance is a problem.
** examples- Dichlorovos (flea collars, sheep), Naphthalophos, malathion (flea shampoo), diazinon (jetting sheep for blowfly control), cythioate (orally for flea control)
