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Comparative Zoology > Arthropoda > Flashcards

Arthropoda Flashcards

1
Q

Summarize phylum arthropoda

A

Coelomate protostomes
Most diverse
Segmented bodies , a chitinous cuticle and jointed appendages

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2
Q

Summarize subphylum trilobita

A

Extinct
Chitin exoskeleton
3 tagmata- Head, Trunk and pygdium
head has antennae, eyes, mouth 4 pairs of appendages and a hypostome instead of mouthparts

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3
Q

Summarize subphylum Chelicerata

A

Very old group
Spiders, mites, ticks, horseshoe crabs and sea spiders
2 tagmata

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4
Q

Describe subphylum cheliceratas tagmata

A
  1. prosoma/cephalothorax
    used for feeding
    eyes, no antennae 3 types of legs - chelicerae, pedipalps and walking
  2. opithosoma/abdomen
    Digestive, respiratory and reproductive organs
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5
Q

What are the 3 classes in subphylum chelicerata?

A

Pycnogonida
Merostomata - horseshoe crabs
Arachnida - mites/ticks/etc.

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6
Q

Summarize class arachnida

A

Very diverse
Diverse body types
Terrestrial
2 tagmata

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7
Q

True or false: Most arachnids are predaceous

A

True

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8
Q

What are the 4 orders of arachnida?

A

Araneae - spiders
Scorpiones- scorpions
Opiliones - harvestmen
Acarina - mites and ticks

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9
Q

List key points of Araneae body

A

Compact
Unsegmented cephalothorax and abdomen
Chelicerae with terminal fangs
poison glands
pedipalps
4 walking legs

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10
Q

How do Aranea catch prey?

A

They are all predaceous, but methods vary: they may chase, ambush or trap prey in web

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11
Q

What is unique about Aranea digestion?

A

Begins externally, their venom liquifies the inside of prey and is then brought into the stomach and absorbed in the gut

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12
Q

What are the sensory organs found in Araneae?

A

Simple eyes, lens optic rod and retina
Sensory satae- hair like projections that help with sensing vibrations and other stuff

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13
Q

briefly describe Araneae mating practices

A

The courtship ritual takes place first where the male spins a small web and then deposits a drop of sperm which is stored in pedipalp
Pedipalp is then inserted into the females genital opening and the female lays eggs in a cocoon

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14
Q

Briefly describe the process of web spinning

A

There are 6-8 spinnerets with silk glands, they produce different types of silk for different types of webs
Silk is stronger than steel

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15
Q

Briefly describe the anatomy of order Scorpiones

A

Short cephalothorax with the chelicerae, pedipalps legs and eyes
Chelicerae are enlarged and pincerlike
Opisthosome - pre abdomen and then post abdomen with stinger
Stinger that inject venom
Pectines which are used in sex recognition and to explore the ground

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16
Q

Briefly describe scorpiones mating

A

Courtship is long, involves a dance where the female tests the males strength and then the male places his sperm down and puts the female overtop

17
Q

Briefly describe scorpione development

A

Vivparous, females brood young in reproductive tract
can produce upwards of 100 young
Spend the first year on mothers back

18
Q

Summarize Order opiliones body structure

A

Prosoma broadly joins the opisthosoma, body presents ovoid
4 pairs of long and spindly legs with tiny claws
Predatory

19
Q

Summarize Acari anatomy

A

Completely fused cephalothorax and abdomen
Capitulum with chelicerae, pedipalps and hypostome
adults have 8 legs and larvae have 6

20
Q

List some unique features of ticks

A

Parasites for life
Feed on blood
Larger than mites

21
Q

Why are female ticks less sclerotized than males?

A

To allow for more expansion as more blood is needed for them to have energy for reproduction, which occurs on host before they drop down to lay eggs

22
Q

What are the 4 classes of myriapoda?

A

Diplopoda - millipedes
Chilopoda - centipedes
Symphyla
Pauropoda

23
Q

How many tagmata are present in Myriapoda?

A

2, head and trunk, paired appendages on most if not all trunk segments

24
Q

What are key differences between millipedes and centipedes?

A

Centipedes have 1 set of legs/ segment and millipedes have 2
millipedes are less active
Centipedes are flatter

25
Q

Summarize subphylum hexapods

A

3 tagmata
5 pairs of head appendages
6 legs- 3 pairs

26
Q

What are the 2 classes of hexapoda?

A

Entognatha - mouthparts inside head and insecta- mouthparts project from head

27
Q

Summarize class insecta

A

Exoskeleton, evolution of flight/small size, well protected eggs

28
Q

What are some common features of class insecta?

A

Sclerites- tergum, sternum paired lateral pleura
Head - compound eyes, oceli, antennae
Thorax-pro/meso/meta, wings attached to meta and meso thoraxes
Abdomen- 9-11 segments, cerci, genitalia

29
Q

What are the functions of antennae in class insecta?

A

Touch, taste, hearing

30
Q

What are some examples of variability in class insecta leg structure?

A

Grasshoppers have flexor/extensor muscles for jumping
Water striders have non-wetting hair
Honey bees have pollen collecting structures

31
Q

What are some parts of basic insect mouthpart plans

A

Labrum -sensory
Mandibles - “chewing”
Maxillae
Labium
Hypopharynx

32
Q

What are some class insecta mouth modifications?

A

Mosquitoes have 6 stylets used for piercing and sucking
Butterflies and moths have no mandibles as adults, and a long coiled maxilla

33
Q

What is important to insect flight?

A

2 pairs of wings. forewing and hindwing, both indirect and direct flight muscles in thorax

34
Q

What is the process of gas exchange in class insecta?

A

Ventilating system move air, uses a tracheal system to reduce water loss

35
Q

What is the class insecta eye most similar to?

A

They have a compound eye most similar to the crustacean eye

36
Q

How does class insecta excrete waste?

A

Malpighian tubes excrete uric acid, reducing water loss

37
Q

What is ecdysis

A

A process necessary for insect growth, shed old cuticle, grow, new cuticle, harden - number of molts is species specific will happen throughout life

Comparative Zoology (12 decks)

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