Arthropod and Rodent-borne Viruses Flashcards
What is the family of Yellow Fever?
Flavivirus
How is Yellow Fever transmitted?
Mosquito
What are the two transmission cycles of Yellow Fever?
Urban - spread by mosquito that bit infected human
Sylvan (jungle) - mosquito probably bit infected monkey
What is the major target of Yellow Fever?
Liver
What is clinical presentation of Yellow Fever?
Hepatitis, renal dysfunction High fever Black vomitus (hematemesis)
What are key points about the Flavivirus life cycle?
ss (+) RNA
Cytoplasmic replication
Viral assembly at ER and Golgi, not at plasma membrane
What is the family of Dengue fever?
Flavivirus
How many serotypes are there of Dengue?
4
How is Dengue transmitted?
Mosquito
What is the clinical presentation with 1st Dengue infection?
Acute infection
Fever, severe headache, myalgias and arthralgias, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
What is the clinical presentation with 2nd Dengue infection?
Hemorrhagic fever or shock syndrome (DHF/DSS)
Why does a 2nd infection with Dengue cause different reaction?
Antibody-dependent enhancement of infection
In second infection, antibodies do not neutralize virus.
Antibodies enhance FcR-dependent attachment to, replication in, and cytokine release by monocytes/macrophages
What is the family of Hantavirus?
Bunyaviridae
How is Hantavirus transmitted?
Deer mouse feces, urine, or saliva
What is the clinical presentation of Hantavirus?
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (resembles acute respiratory distress syndrome)
What are features of Bunyaviridae family genome/structure?
Segmented (3 segments)
ss (-) RNA
Enveloped
What are features of Arenaviridae family genome/structure?
Segmented (2 segments)
ss (-) RNA
Enveloped
What family is Lassa Fever virus in?
Arenaviridae
How is Lassa fever transmitted?
Rats
What is the clinical presentation of Lassa fever?
Multiple organ system involvement
Fever, rash, hemorrhaging
What population has higher death rates for Lassa fever?
Women in 3rd trimester of pregnancy
Fetus
What potential therapy is there for Lassa fever?
Ribavirin
What is the family of Ebola and Marburg viruses?
Filoviridae
What are features of Filoviridae family genome/structure?
Enveloped
Filamentous
(-) ssRNA
How is Ebola/Marburg transmitted?
Bats, monkey, contact with bat dropppings
Person to person
What is the clinical presentation of Ebola/Marburg?
Fever, malaise, diarrhea, hemorrhage
Mortalities can vary, usually high