arthrology vertebral column

Question 1

the ligamentous sacra-iliac joints (or most of the ligamentous joints of the vertebral column) are examples of what joint classification?

Answer 1

syndesmosis

Question 2

what are the 4 consistent features of synovial (diarthrosis) joints?

Answer 2

articular or fibrous capsule
synovial membrane
articular cartilage
synovial fluid

Question 3

Type I articular receptors are located in which part of the joint?

Answer 3

superficial layer of the fibrous capsule

Question 4

what is the function of the type I articular receptor?

Answer 4

they monitor the joint “at rest”

Question 5

Type II articular receptors are located in which part of the joint?

Answer 5

deeper strata of the fibrous capsule

Question 6

what is the function of type II articular receptors?

Answer 6

they monitor the joint during normal range of motion

Question 7

what is the location of the type III articular receptors?

Answer 7

collateral and intrinsic ligaments of many joints,

they were not thought to be present along vertebral column

Question 8

what is the function of type III articular receptors?

Answer 8

they monitor the joint during extreme motion or beyond normal range of motion

Question 9

what is the function of type IV articular receptors?

Answer 9

nociceptive, they monitor pain

Question 10

Type IVb articular receptors would be present in what locations?

Answer 10

accessory ligaments in general, dense in the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine

Question 11

what are the 3 modifications of the articular synovial membrane?

Answer 11

1 synovial villi
2 articular fat pads or Haversian glands
3 synovial menisci and inter-articular discs

Question 12

articular fat pads are most numerous in what location along the vertebral column?

Answer 12

lumbar zygapophyses

Question 13

what are the specific functions of type A synovial cells?

Answer 13

they are phagocytic

Question 14

what is the specific function of type B synovial cells?

Answer 14

secrete proteinaceous substances and hyaluronic acid

Question 15

which collagen fiber type predominates in articular cartilage?

Answer 15

type II

Question 16

what are proteoglycans composed of?

Answer 16

a core protein and GAGs

Question 17

cartilage is able to change shape due to compression, a characteristic known as ________.

Answer 17

deformation

Question 18

what is implied when cartilage is said to have elastic properties?

Answer 18

cartilage can deform and returns to original volume rapidly, a time independent property

Question 19

what are the properties of synovial fluid?

Answer 19

it is yellow-white, viscous, slightly alkaline and tastes salty

Question 20

synovial fluid consists of what specific chemical groups?

Answer 20

fats, salts, albumins and hyaluronate

Question 21

which substance in synovial fluid was first thought to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior?

Answer 21

hyaluronate

Question 22

what is a complex synovial joint (diarthrosis)?

Answer 22

within the simple joint or compound joint, the articulating surfaces are separated by an articular disc (intra-articular disc) or meniscus

Question 23

what morphological classification of synovial joints is classified as non-axial?

Answer 23

plane (diarthrosis synovial)

Question 24

what morphological classifications of synovial joints would be classified as uniaxial?

Answer 24

hinge (diarthrosis ginglymus) and pivot (diarthrosis trochoid)

Question 25

what morphological classifications of synovial joints would be classified as biaxial?

Answer 25

(diarthrosis) bicondylar, (diarthrosis) condylar, (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal, and saddle (diarthrosis sellar)

Question 26

which vertebrae will have common ligaments?

Answer 26

segments C2-L5 inclusive

Question 27

what is the maximum number of common ligaments identified with a vertebral couple?

Answer 27

8

Question 28

what is the reason that 9 common ligaments are identified but only 8 will be attached at any specific vertebral couple?

Answer 28

ligamentum nuchae and supraspinous ligaments attach to spinous tubercles, but only one of these will be identified at a single vertebral couple

Question 29

what common ligaments will attach to the vertebral arch?

Answer 29

ligamentum flavum