arthrology vertebral column Flashcards
the ligamentous sacra-iliac joints (or most of the ligamentous joints of the vertebral column) are examples of what joint classification?
syndesmosis
what are the 4 consistent features of synovial (diarthrosis) joints?
articular or fibrous capsule
synovial membrane
articular cartilage
synovial fluid
Type I articular receptors are located in which part of the joint?
superficial layer of the fibrous capsule
what is the function of the type I articular receptor?
they monitor the joint “at rest”
Type II articular receptors are located in which part of the joint?
deeper strata of the fibrous capsule
what is the function of type II articular receptors?
they monitor the joint during normal range of motion
what is the location of the type III articular receptors?
collateral and intrinsic ligaments of many joints,
they were not thought to be present along vertebral column
what is the function of type III articular receptors?
they monitor the joint during extreme motion or beyond normal range of motion
what is the function of type IV articular receptors?
nociceptive, they monitor pain
Type IVb articular receptors would be present in what locations?
accessory ligaments in general, dense in the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine
what are the 3 modifications of the articular synovial membrane?
1 synovial villi
2 articular fat pads or Haversian glands
3 synovial menisci and inter-articular discs
articular fat pads are most numerous in what location along the vertebral column?
lumbar zygapophyses
what are the specific functions of type A synovial cells?
they are phagocytic
what is the specific function of type B synovial cells?
secrete proteinaceous substances and hyaluronic acid
which collagen fiber type predominates in articular cartilage?
type II
what are proteoglycans composed of?
a core protein and GAGs
cartilage is able to change shape due to compression, a characteristic known as ________.
deformation
what is implied when cartilage is said to have elastic properties?
cartilage can deform and returns to original volume rapidly, a time independent property
what are the properties of synovial fluid?
it is yellow-white, viscous, slightly alkaline and tastes salty
synovial fluid consists of what specific chemical groups?
fats, salts, albumins and hyaluronate
which substance in synovial fluid was first thought to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior?
hyaluronate
what is a complex synovial joint (diarthrosis)?
within the simple joint or compound joint, the articulating surfaces are separated by an articular disc (intra-articular disc) or meniscus
what morphological classification of synovial joints is classified as non-axial?
plane (diarthrosis synovial)
what morphological classifications of synovial joints would be classified as uniaxial?
hinge (diarthrosis ginglymus) and pivot (diarthrosis trochoid)
what morphological classifications of synovial joints would be classified as biaxial?
(diarthrosis) bicondylar, (diarthrosis) condylar, (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal, and saddle (diarthrosis sellar)
which vertebrae will have common ligaments?
segments C2-L5 inclusive
what is the maximum number of common ligaments identified with a vertebral couple?
8
what is the reason that 9 common ligaments are identified but only 8 will be attached at any specific vertebral couple?
ligamentum nuchae and supraspinous ligaments attach to spinous tubercles, but only one of these will be identified at a single vertebral couple
what common ligaments will attach to the vertebral arch?
ligamentum flavum
