Arthrology (joints) Flashcards
What is a joint?
A union between two or more parts of the skeleton
How do anatomists classify joints?
Through structure and amount of movement available
Structures of joints (3)
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Amount of movement available (3)
Immovable
Slightly movable
Freely movable
What is a fibrous joint?
fibrous material joins the bone ends together
What is the amount of movement available in a fibrous joint?
Depends on length of fibres (short=minimal movement, long=more movement)
Subtypes of fibrous joints (2)
Sutures (immovable) eg. between the bones of skull
Syndesmosis ( slightly movable) eg. Between the radius and ulna of forearm
What is a cartilaginous joint?
Cartilaginous material joins bone ends together
What is the amount of movement available in a cartilaginous joint?
Depends on type of cartilage
Subtypes of cartilaginous joints (2)
Primary cartilaginous/synchondrosis (immovable)
Secondary cartilaginous/symphysis (slightly moveable)
What is a synovial joint?
Bone ends are shaped to fit one another and move against each other
How much movement does a synovial joint have?
Freely movable
What does articular cartilage in a synovial joint do?
Allows the bones to slide on one another
What type of fluid does the joint cavity have and what does it do?
Synovial fluid acts as a lubricant to assist in frictionless movement of bones
What does the fibrous joint capsule do in a synovial, joint?
Unites the bones and maintains the joint cavity
What does the synovial membrane do in the synovial joint?
Lines the fibrous capsule and produces synovial fluid
Classifying synovial joints through degrees of freedom I.e. according to the number of axes about which movement occurs (3)
Uniaxial - one pair of movements
Biaxial - two pairs of movements
Multiaxial - three pairs of movements
A) pivot joint B) hinge joint C) saddle joint D) plane joint E) condlyloid/ellipsoid joint F) ball and socket joint
Ligaments are bands of fibrous tissue that occur at all types of joints and function as…
Mechanical constraints
An articular disk functions as: (5)
Shock absorbers
Aid mechanical fit between articular surfaces
Restrain movement
Assist lubrication
Permit different movements to occur simultaneously
Bursae are fluid filled sacs around synovial joints and function to:
Reduce friction as structures slide on one another
