Arthrology (joints)

Question 1

What is a joint?

Answer 1

A union between two or more parts of the skeleton

Question 2

How do anatomists classify joints?

Answer 2

Through structure and amount of movement available

Question 3

Structures of joints (3)

Answer 3

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 4

Amount of movement available (3)

Answer 4

Immovable
Slightly movable
Freely movable

Question 5

What is a fibrous joint?

Answer 5

fibrous material joins the bone ends together

Question 6

What is the amount of movement available in a fibrous joint?

Answer 6

Depends on length of fibres (short=minimal movement, long=more movement)

Question 7

Subtypes of fibrous joints (2)

Answer 7

Sutures (immovable) eg. between the bones of skull

Syndesmosis ( slightly movable) eg. Between the radius and ulna of forearm

Question 8

What is a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 8

Cartilaginous material joins bone ends together

Question 9

What is the amount of movement available in a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 9

Depends on type of cartilage

Question 10

Subtypes of cartilaginous joints (2)

Answer 10

Primary cartilaginous/synchondrosis (immovable)

Secondary cartilaginous/symphysis (slightly moveable)

Question 11

What is a synovial joint?

Answer 11

Bone ends are shaped to fit one another and move against each other

Question 12

How much movement does a synovial joint have?

Answer 12

Freely movable

Question 13

What does articular cartilage in a synovial joint do?

Answer 13

Allows the bones to slide on one another

Question 14

What type of fluid does the joint cavity have and what does it do?

Answer 14

Synovial fluid acts as a lubricant to assist in frictionless movement of bones

Question 15

What does the fibrous joint capsule do in a synovial, joint?

Answer 15

Unites the bones and maintains the joint cavity

Question 16

What does the synovial membrane do in the synovial joint?

Answer 16

Lines the fibrous capsule and produces synovial fluid

Question 17

Classifying synovial joints through degrees of freedom I.e. according to the number of axes about which movement occurs (3)

Answer 17

Uniaxial - one pair of movements
Biaxial - two pairs of movements
Multiaxial - three pairs of movements

Question 18

Answer 18

A) pivot joint 
B) hinge joint
C) saddle joint
D) plane joint 
E) condlyloid/ellipsoid joint
F) ball and socket joint

Question 19

Ligaments are bands of fibrous tissue that occur at all types of joints and function as…

Answer 19

Mechanical constraints

Question 20

An articular disk functions as: (5)

Answer 20

Shock absorbers
Aid mechanical fit between articular surfaces
Restrain movement
Assist lubrication
Permit different movements to occur simultaneously

Question 21

Bursae are fluid filled sacs around synovial joints and function to:

Answer 21

Reduce friction as structures slide on one another