Arthrology Flashcards
what are the functions of the joints
joints make it possible for bones to support the body, protect internal organs, and create movement
what are the two classifications of joints
functional
structural
______ classification is the most widely used and primary classification
structural classification
_______ means an immovable joint (functional classification)
synarthroses
what is the functional classification of a slightly moveable joint
amphiarthroses
define diarthroses
a freely moveable joint
what are the three groups of structural joints and what is the basis for each
basis: the type of connective tissue
groups: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis are the types of _______ joints
fibrous
True or False: Fibrous joints have joint cavities
False; they do not they are united by carious fibrous and connective tissues or ligaments
what are considered to be the strongest joints in the body
fibrous joints
describe syndesmosis joints and name an example
immovable joint or slightly moveable joint united by sheets of fibrous tissue
example: inferior tibiofibular joint
a suture occurs only in _________
the skull
true or false: sutures interlock bones are held tightly by strong connective tissues
true
where do gomphosis joints occur? what are they held by?
only in the roots of teeth and are held in place by periodontal ligaments
how are cartilaginous and fibrous joints similar
- they do not have a joint cavity
2. they are virtually immovable
what are the types of cartilaginous joints
- symphysis
2. synchondrosis
True or False; hyaline cartilage and ligaments unite cartilaginous joints
False, hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage unite cartilaginous joints
what type of cartilaginous joint is designed for strength and shock absorbency
symphysis
bones in symphysis joints are separated by ____
a pad of fibrocartilage
which of these joints is slightly movable?
- symphysis
- synchondrosis
symphysis
this joint contains a rigid cartilage that unites two bones…what is it
synchondrosis
a ______ joint permits a wide range of motion and are all freely moveable
synovial
a synovial joint is surrounded by what
an articular capsule
the outer layer of the capsule is called the _________ and its fibrous tissue connects the ______ to the ______ of the two bones
fibrous capsule
capsule
periosteum
what is the inner layer of the joint capsule called
synovial membrane
what does the synovial membrane create
a thick, yellow, viscous fluid called synovial fluid
what does synovial fluid do
lubricates the joint space to reduce friction between bones
some synovial joints contain a pad of fibrocartilage called a _____
meniscus
what do menisci do
act as shock absorbers by conforming and filling large gaps around the periphery of the bones
a _______ is a fluid-filled sac outside the main joint cavity
bursae
True or False, menisci, bursae, and other joint structures cannot be visualized radiographically
False, they can be with the injection of an iodine-based contrast medium
what is the function of a bursae
to reduce friction between skin and bones, tendons and bones, and muscles and bones
what are the 6 types of synovial joints
- gliding
- hinge
- pivot
- ellipsoid
- saddle
- ball and socket
which of the synovial joints had the most movement
ball and socket
give an example of a gliding joint
“hand gliding”:
intercarpal and intertarsal joints
the elbows and knees are an example of what kind of joint
hinge
what kind of joint would allow you to turn your head
a pivot joint
what kind of joint would let me flick my wrist
ellipsoid joint
where can a saddle joint be found
the thumb
“when you’re SAD(dle) you give a thumbs down”
hips and shoulders have what kind of joint
ball and socket
