Arthrology

Question 1

what are the functions of the joints

Answer 1

joints make it possible for bones to support the body, protect internal organs, and create movement

Question 2

what are the two classifications of joints

Answer 2

functional

structural

Question 3

______ classification is the most widely used and primary classification

Answer 3

structural classification

Question 4

_______ means an immovable joint (functional classification)

Answer 4

synarthroses

Question 5

what is the functional classification of a slightly moveable joint

Answer 5

amphiarthroses

Question 6

define diarthroses

Answer 6

a freely moveable joint

Question 7

what are the three groups of structural joints and what is the basis for each

Answer 7

basis: the type of connective tissue
groups: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

Question 8

syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis are the types of _______ joints

Answer 8

fibrous

Question 9

True or False: Fibrous joints have joint cavities

Answer 9

False; they do not they are united by carious fibrous and connective tissues or ligaments

Question 10

what are considered to be the strongest joints in the body

Answer 10

fibrous joints

Question 11

describe syndesmosis joints and name an example

Answer 11

immovable joint or slightly moveable joint united by sheets of fibrous tissue
example: inferior tibiofibular joint

Question 12

a suture occurs only in _________

Answer 12

the skull

Question 13

true or false: sutures interlock bones are held tightly by strong connective tissues

Answer 13

true

Question 14

where do gomphosis joints occur? what are they held by?

Answer 14

only in the roots of teeth and are held in place by periodontal ligaments

Question 15

how are cartilaginous and fibrous joints similar

Answer 15

1. they do not have a joint cavity

2. they are virtually immovable

Question 16

what are the types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 16

1. symphysis

2. synchondrosis

Question 17

True or False; hyaline cartilage and ligaments unite cartilaginous joints

Answer 17

False, hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage unite cartilaginous joints

Question 18

what type of cartilaginous joint is designed for strength and shock absorbency

Answer 18

symphysis

Question 19

bones in symphysis joints are separated by ____

Answer 19

a pad of fibrocartilage

Question 20

which of these joints is slightly movable?

1. symphysis
2. synchondrosis

Answer 20

symphysis

Question 21

this joint contains a rigid cartilage that unites two bones…what is it

Answer 21

synchondrosis

Question 22

a ______ joint permits a wide range of motion and are all freely moveable

Answer 22

synovial

Question 23

a synovial joint is surrounded by what

Answer 23

an articular capsule

Question 24

the outer layer of the capsule is called the _________ and its fibrous tissue connects the ______ to the ______ of the two bones

Answer 24

fibrous capsule
capsule
periosteum

Question 25

what is the inner layer of the joint capsule called

Answer 25

synovial membrane

Question 26

what does the synovial membrane create

Answer 26

a thick, yellow, viscous fluid called synovial fluid

Question 27

what does synovial fluid do

Answer 27

lubricates the joint space to reduce friction between bones

Question 28

some synovial joints contain a pad of fibrocartilage called a _____

Answer 28

meniscus

Question 29

what do menisci do

Answer 29

act as shock absorbers by conforming and filling large gaps around the periphery of the bones

Question 30

a _______ is a fluid-filled sac outside the main joint cavity

Answer 30

bursae

Question 31

True or False, menisci, bursae, and other joint structures cannot be visualized radiographically

Answer 31

False, they can be with the injection of an iodine-based contrast medium

Question 32

what is the function of a bursae

Answer 32

to reduce friction between skin and bones, tendons and bones, and muscles and bones

Question 33

what are the 6 types of synovial joints

Answer 33

1. gliding
2. hinge
3. pivot
4. ellipsoid
5. saddle
6. ball and socket

Question 34

which of the synovial joints had the most movement

Answer 34

ball and socket

Question 35

give an example of a gliding joint

Answer 35

“hand gliding”:

intercarpal and intertarsal joints

Question 36

the elbows and knees are an example of what kind of joint

Answer 36

hinge

Question 37

what kind of joint would allow you to turn your head

Answer 37

a pivot joint

Question 38

what kind of joint would let me flick my wrist

Answer 38

ellipsoid joint

Question 39

where can a saddle joint be found

Answer 39

the thumb

“when you’re SAD(dle) you give a thumbs down”

Question 40

hips and shoulders have what kind of joint

Answer 40

ball and socket