Arthrology Flashcards
Fibrous joints
Immovable (coronal suture of the skull)
SYNCHONDROSIS
(Primary cartilaginous joint)
Temporary cartilaginous junction between epiphysis and diaphysis (shaft) of a growing (immature) bone
Bones are united by a plate or a bar hyaline cartilage, sometimes occur btwn ossification (bone tissue formation) centers
-1st rib & the manubrium sterni
Secondary cartilaginous joint (symphysis)
Fibrocartilaginous and hyaline joints (semi movable)
E.g. manubriosternal joint, intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis
Synovial joints (diarthrosis)
Articular surfaces of the bone are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage separated by a joint cavity; great degree of freedom of movement
Synovial membrane
Lines cavity of the joint
Articular capsule / capsule only
Tough fibrous membrane outside, protects synovial membrane
Synovial fluid physical properties
Viscous, elastic, plastic components
Viscous fluid (found in joint cavity); HYALURONIC ACID is the main component
Plane joint (gliding joint)
Gliding or sliding movements
Acromioclavicular joint (at the top of the shoulder; junction btwn acromion and clavicle)
Plane joint
Sternoclavicular joints
Plane joint
Intercarpal joints (carpals of the wrist)
Plane joints
Subtalar/Talocalcaneal (intertarsal joint)
Plane joint
Vertebrocostal joint
Plane joint
Sacroiliac joint
Plane joint
A type of joint which restricts movement to one plane only (uniaxial) and possess strong collateral ligaments (Flexion and extension movements)
Hinge joint
Elbow joints
Hinge joint
Knee joints (largest joint)
Hinge joints
Ankle joints
Hinge joints
Interphalangeal joint
Hinge joint
Pivot joint
One bone rotates about another
Atlanto-axial joint (atlas and axis bone in neck/ C1 & C2)
Pivot joint
Proximal radioulnar joint
Pivot joint
(Occurs between the head of the radius and the ring formed of the radial notch of the ulna and the annular ligament)
Distal radioulnar joint
Pivot joint
(Formed btwn head of ulna and ulnar notch on the lower extremity of radius)
Ellipsoid joint
Movements of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction BUT NO ROTATION
Radiocarpal (wrist joint)
Ellipsoidal
Metatarsophalangeal joint (toe knuckles)
Condyloid
Condyloid joints
Movements of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction BUT W/ SMALL ROTATION
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Condyloid joint
Saddle joint
Reciprocally concavoconvex, permit same movements as the condyloid joints but allows greater movement
Carpometacarpal joint (thumb) /trapeziometacarpal
Saddle joint
Ball-and-socket joint
Allow for all movements except gliding
Glenohumeral joint (shoulder)
Ball-and-socket
Hip joint
ball-and-socket
Stability of joints depends on
- Arrangement of articular surfaces
- Ligaments: connects joints together
- Muscle tone (major factor)
Bursae
Small fluid-filled sac lined by synovial membrane; provides a cushion between tendons/muscles around a joint; helps reduce friction
Synovial sheath
Reduce friction between tendon and its surroundings
A type of fibrous articulation restricted to the fixation of the teeth in the mandible and maxilla
Gomphosis
A type of motion involving gliding or sliding without appreciable angulation
Axial rotation
