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ANATOMY > Anatomical Terms > Flashcards

Anatomical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Median sagittal plane

A

Vertical plane; dividing body into equal right and left halves

MEDIAL: pinky, ulna, tibia

LATERAL: thumb, radius, fibula

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2
Q

Coronal (frontal) planes

A

Vertical planes at right angle of the median plane
Divides body into: anterior & posterior

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3
Q

Horizontal plane

A

Divides body into upper and lower portion

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4
Q

Transverse (horizontal/axial) plane

A

Lies perpendicular on the long axis of a given structure (cross-sectional)

-right angles to both the median and coronal plane

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5
Q

Paramedian plane

A

Other side of the median plane and parallel to it

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6
Q

Medial

A

Structure near to the median plane

Ex. Nose is medial to the eyes, in turn medial to the external ears

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7
Q

Lateral

A

Structure that lies father away from the median plane

Ex. Thumb is lateral to the little finger

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8
Q

Palmar

A

Anterior of hands

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9
Q

Dorsal

A

Posterior (hand and feet)

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10
Q

Plantar

A

Anterior of foot

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11
Q

Proximal

A

Occur closer to and toward the origin of the system

Ex. The glenohumeral (shoulder) joint proximal to the elbow joint

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12
Q

Anterior

A

Or ventral (front)

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13
Q

Superior

A

Structures in reference to the vertical axis of the body

Ex. The head is superior to the shoulders

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14
Q

Inferior

A

Ex. The knee is inferior to the hip joint

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15
Q

Distal

A

Occur farther away TOWARDS the ends of the system

Reference to being farther from a structure’s origin particularly in the limbs

Ex. The hand is distal to the elbow joint

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16
Q

Superficial

A

External to the outer layer of deep fascia

Structures: skin, superficial fascia, mammary glands

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17
Q

Deep

A

Deep structures are those that are enclosed by the superficial structures

Include most skeletal muscles and viscera (internal organs esp those in abdominal cavity)

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18
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side of the body

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19
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite side of the body

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20
Q

Supine

A

Lying on the back

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21
Q

Prone

A

Position lying face downward

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22
Q

Joint

A

2 or more bones come together

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23
Q

Joints that hav no movement

A

Sutures of the skull

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24
Q

Joints that have slight movement

A

Superior tibiofibular joint

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25
Q

Freely movable joint

A

Shoulder joint

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26
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of limb away to the midline of the body in the coronal plane

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27
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of a limb TOWARD the midline of a body in the coronal plane

28
Q

Flexion

A

Usualy an anterior movement that takes place in a sagittal plane (occasionally, posterior as in knee joint)

Ex. Flexion of the elbow joint approximates the anterior surface of the forearm to the anterior surface of the arm

29
Q

Extension

A

Straightening the joint (posterior direction)

30
Q

Rotation

A

Movement of a part of the body around its long axis

31
Q

Circumduction

A

Movement in a circular motion (combination in sequence of the flexion, extension, abduction, adduction)

Usually happens in the SHOULDER

32
Q

Inversion

A

Foot is pointing inward (soles faces in a medial direction)

33
Q

Eversion

A

Foot is pointing outward (soles faces in a lateral direction)

34
Q

Medial rotation

A

Movement that results in the anterior surface of the part facing medially (toward the anatomical position)

35
Q

Lateral rotation

A

Anterior surface of the part facing laterally

36
Q

Pronation

A

Palm of the hands faces posteriorly

37
Q

Supination

A

Lateral rotation of the forearm from the pronated position so that the palm of the hands faces anteriorly

38
Q

Protraction

A

To move forward (usually occurs in the scapula)

39
Q

Retraction

A

To move backward (usually in scapula)

40
Q

Fascia

A

Connective tissue contain various amt. of fat that separate, support, and interconnect organs and structures, enable movement of structure of one another relative to another, allow the transit of vessels and nerves from one area to another

41
Q

Superficial fascia

A

(Subcutaneous) mixture of loose areolar and adipose tissue; lies deep and attached to the dermis of the skin

42
Q

What is the function of the superficial fascia?

A
  1. Allows movement of the skin over the deeper areas of the body
  2. Acts as a conduit for vessels and nerves coursing to and from the skin
  3. Serves as an energy (fat) reservoir
43
Q

Deep fascia

A

Dense, organized connective tissue; invests the muscles and other deeper structures

44
Q

How is the retinacula formed?

A

In the region of joints, the deep fascia may be thickened to form the restraining bands called the retinacula.

45
Q

What is the function of retinacula?

A

To hold underlying tendons in position or serve as pulleys around wch tendons may move.

46
Q

Skeletal muscle funtion

A

Produce movements of the skeleton

47
Q

Skeletal muscles are

A

-voluntary muscles, made of striped muscle fibers

48
Q

Skeletal muscle ORIGIN

A

Attachment that moves the least

49
Q

Skeletal muscle INSERTION

A

Moves the most, important in terms of motion

50
Q

What is the belly?

A

Fleshy part of the muscle

51
Q

Tendons

A

Fibrous tissues; ends of muscles which are attached to bones, cartilage or ligaments (muscles have tendonous insertions)

52
Q

Pennate muscles

A

Fibers run obliquely to the line of pull

53
Q

Unipennate muscles

A

tendon lies along one side of the muscle and the fibers pass obliquely to it

54
Q

Bipennate muscles

A

Tendon lies in the center and the fibers pass to it from two sides

55
Q

Multipennate

A

arranged as a series of bipennate muscles lying alongside one another or may have tendon lying within its center and muscle fibers passing to it from all sides, converging as they go

56
Q

What are the different types of skeletal muscle action?

A
  1. Prime mover
  2. Antagonist
  3. Fixator
  4. Synergist
  5. Smooth muscle
  6. Cardiac muscle
57
Q

Prime mover function

A

(Chief muscle) responsible for particular movement

Ex. Quadriceps femoris (extends your knee and joint)

58
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposes the action of the prime mover

ex. Biceps femoris antagonizes quadriceps femoris

The biceps femoris flexes the leg at the knee joint

59
Q

Fixator

A

Contracts isometrically to stabilize the origin of the prime mover

60
Q

Synergist

A

Contract and stabilize INTERMEDIATE JOINTS; prevent unwanted movemements

61
Q

Epimysium

A

Muscle fibers are bound together w delicate areolar tissue (condensed on the surface to form a fibrous envelope)

62
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Long, spindle-shaped cells closely arranged in bundles or sheets

63
Q

How can the smooth muscle fibers contract?

A

May be made to contract by local stretching of fibers, by nerve impulses from AUTONOMIC NERVES or HORMONAL STIMULATION

64
Q

Cardiac muscles

A

Striated muscle fibers

-forms the MYOCARDIUM OF THE HEART

65
Q

Fibrous joints

A

(Immovable) joined by fibrous tissues

Ex. Vault of the skull, inferior tibiofibular joints

ANATOMY (6 decks)

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