Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology -2nd Year > Arthritis Drugs > Flashcards

Arthritis Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Name three NSAIDs

A

Aspirin

Ibuprofen

Diclofenac

Meloxicam

Indomethacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the main actions of NSAIDs?

A

Antipyretic -inhibit actions of PGs on hypothalamus

Analgesic -reduce sensitivity of neurones to bradykinin. Effective against pain of muscular/skeletal origin

Anti-inflammatory -reduce vasodilation and permeability of venules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the complications associated with NSAIDs?

A

Risk of gastric ulcers

Impaired coagulation

Risk of CV events in patients with cardiac disease or hypertension

May induce asthma attack, angioedema, urticaria (skin rash) or rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the main cause of the side effects associated with NSAIDs?

A

The inhibition of the COX1 enzyme as well as COX2, which produces prostaglandins involved in many beneficial processes such as the production of GI mucus and platelet aggregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which NSAID has some COX2 selectivity and therefore has the least GI effects?

A

Meloxicam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the two most common COX2 inhibitors

Which patient group are these given to?

A

Celecoxib

Etoricoxib

Used mainly in patients at high risk of serious GI side effects but with little CV risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is misoprostol given alongside NSAIDs?

A

It is a synthetic prostaglandin which inhibits gastric acid secretion and may stimulate increased mucus production, so it preserves the mucus lining and protects agains ulceration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does aspirin interact with warfarin?

A

By displacing warfarin bound to plasma proteins (therefore activating it) which increases plasma warfarin and potentiates warfarin’ anticoagulant activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Paracetamol is analgesic and antipyretic, why is it not classed as a NSAID?

A

It has no anti-inflammatory effect

It does not inhibit COX1 or COX2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the most commonly prescribed drugs for arthritis?

A

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In addition to medication, what treatments are used for osteoarthritis?

A

Exercise

Weight loss

Thermotherapy

Joint supports

Suitable footwear and pacing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which drugs are used to treat osteoarthritis?

A

Paracetamol (possibly with an oral NSAID and proton pump inhibitor)

Topical NSAIDs or capsaicin

Opioid analgesic

Intra-articular corticosteroid injection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What treatments are used for rheumatoid arthritis?

A

NSAIDs /opioid analgesics

Glucocorticoids

Immunosuppressants

Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs

Anticytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In addition to drug therapy, how is rheumatoid arthritis managed?

A

Diet and complementary therapy (physiotherapy, occupational therapy)

Referral for surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When are glucocorticoids used in rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Short-term to mange flare-ups in patients with recent-onset or established disease

Long-term if other treatment options have failed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are cortisone or hydrocortisone steroids administered and what is their duration of action?

A

Twice daily cream or intra-articular injection

Short acting (1-12 hours)

17
Q

How is prednisolone administered and what is its duration of action?

A

Daily oral or intra-articular injection

Intermediate acting (12-36 hours)

18
Q

How is dexamethasone administered and what is its duration of action?

A

Intra-articular injection every 3-21 days

Long acting (36-55 hours)

19
Q

What are the actions of glucocorticoids that make them a suitable treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions:

Decrease transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines

Decrease circulating lymphocytes

Inhibit phospholipase A2, which decreases the release of arachidonic acid

Increases synthesis of anti-inflammatory proteins

20
Q

Which glucocorticoids are used to treat arthritis?

A

Beclomethasone

Budesonide

Prednisolone

21
Q

What are the side-effects of oral corticosteroids?

A

Buffalo hump

Moon face

Hypertension

Increased abdominal fat

Thinning of skin

Increased risk of infection

Poor wound healing

Osteoporosis

Muscle wasting

22
Q

Name the four main types of disease modifying antirheumatoid drugs

A

Sulfasalazine

Gold compounds

Penicillamine

Immunosuppressants

23
Q

What are the side effects associated with ciclosporin?

A

Nephrotoxicity

Hepatotoxicity

Hypertension

Nausea and vomiting

Gum hypertrophy

GI problems

24
Q

What are the main immunosuppressants used to treat rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Methotrexate

Ciclosporin

Azathioprine

Methotrexate

Leflunomide

Cyclophosphamide (only when other therapies have failed)

25
Q

What is a common side effect of cyclophosphamide treatment and how can it be avoided?

A

Haemorrhagic cystitis

Prevented by administering large volumes of fluid

Pharmacology -2nd Year (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions