Arteries, Veins And Total Peripheral Resistance

Question 1

In which blood vessels is vascular smooth muscle present?

Answer 1

All except capillaries which cannot dilate or constrict

Question 2

What is the function of vascular smooth muscle in blood vessels?

Answer 2

To contract or relax in order to determine the radius of a blood vessel

Question 3

What occurs to the vascular smooth muscle of blood vessels in chronic hypertension?

Answer 3

They undergo hypertrophy

Question 4

Which type of blood vessel are often particularly elastic and why is this useful?

Answer 4

The large arteries

This allows them to act as a pressure reservoir

Question 5

What process can reduce the elasticity of a blood vessel?

Answer 5

Calcification

Question 6

What happens to blood pressure as blood travels from the left ventricle to right ventricle in systemic circulation?

Answer 6

Pressure decreases

Question 7

What happens to blood pressure as blood travels from the right ventricle to left ventricle in pulmonary circulation?

Answer 7

Pressure decreases

Question 8

What is the approximate value of normal blood pressure?

Answer 8

120/80

Question 9

What factors can effect average blood pressure?

Answer 9

Age
Environment
Obesity

Question 10

What is the formula which relates mean arterial pressure to diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure?

Answer 10

MAP = diastolic bp + 1/3 pulse pressure

Question 11

What is pulse pressure?

Answer 11

The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

Question 12

What formula relates mean arterial pressure to total peripheral resistance and cardiac output?

Answer 12

MAP = CO x TPR

Question 13

The pressure rises and falls in arteries during the cardiac cycle. T/F?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Approximately, What proportion of blood is contained in the veins?

Answer 14

70%

Question 15

What is hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries?

Answer 15

The pressure that blood exerts of the capillary wall

Question 16

What is colloid pressure in the capillaries?

Answer 16

The intrinsic osmotic pressure of the blood due to plasma proteins

Question 17

Describe the changes in hydrostatic and colloid pressure as blood travels from arteriole to capillary to venule.

Answer 17

Hydrostatic pressure decreases between arterial and venous ends of the capillary due to a drop in blood pressure. The colloid pressure remains constant because plasma proteins are too big to leave the capillary. This results in a net movement of fluid out of the capillaries

Question 18

Why is it important that pulmonary hydrostatic pressure is much lower than systemic pressure?

Answer 18

So that there is a net fluid transfer at both ends of the capillary network to prevent pulmonary oedema

Question 19

What is the function of alpha receptor anatgonists in relation to managing a patients blood pressure?

Answer 19

They decrease vasoconstrictor tone therefore decreasing total peripheral resistance without causing any direct change to heart rate or cardiac output so that blood pressure decreases as according to MAP = CO x TPR