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Cardiovascular > arteries, veins and control of PVR > Flashcards

arteries, veins and control of PVR Flashcards

1
Q

structural feature of arteries

A

-thick muscular-to-elastic tunica media
-plentiful elastic fibres
-high compliance: walls stretch easily

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2
Q

structural features of veins

A

-do not readily maintain shape
-slower pressure
-thinner wall
-less elastic
-collagenous and smooth muscle tissue
-bicuspid valves

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3
Q

venules

A

-drain capillary blood

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4
Q

tunica intima

A

inner lining of endothelial cells that makes contact with the blood
-another component is the basement membrane

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5
Q

basement membrane

A

made of collagen fibres that provides tensile strength and stretch/recoil

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6
Q

tunica media

A

middle layer primarily made of smooth muscle and elastic fibres
-smooth muscle regulates diameter of lumen

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7
Q

Vasoconstrict/Vasodilate

A

controlled by smooth muscle and innervation from sympathetic innervation (ANS)

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8
Q

elastic arteries

A

largest arteries (e.g., aorta) that branch into muscular arteries

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9
Q

muscular arteries

A

branch into atrioles
-tunica media contains smooth muscle and fewer elastic fibres

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10
Q

capillary

A

one cell thick and contain 5% of the total blood volume

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11
Q

tunica adventitia

A

composed of mainly collagen and elastic tissue
-nerves and lymphatic vessels found within these layers
-small vessels supply blood to tissue through vessel (vasa vasorum)

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12
Q

nitric oxide

A

inhibits platelet aggregation

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13
Q

compliance

A

ability of an organ to distend in response to applied pressure
-declines with age and it can raise BP

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14
Q

blood pressure

A

circulation of fluid contained within a space of definitive volume

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15
Q

pressure falls during

A

systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation

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16
Q

MAP

A

diastolic BP + 1/3 pulse pressure

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17
Q

pulse pressure

A

systolic-diastolic

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18
Q

MAP

A

DP - 1/3(DP-SP)

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19
Q

arterial BP

A

blood ejected into the arteries from ventricles
-elastic artery wall stretch out by raised temp

20
Q

arteries

A

small amount of blood at high pressure - very thick walled

21
Q

arterioles

A

variable resistance system which distributes blood - dissipate most of pressure

22
Q

capillaries

A

vast surface area where interchange of fluid can occur in the ECF - one cell thick

23
Q

venules/veins

A

collecting/reservoir system which contains most of blood - very distensible

24
Q

factor influence transport

A

hydrostatic pressure and colloid pressure

25
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

blood in capillaries exerts a pressure on capillary wall (favour movement out capillary)
-decrease as BP drops

26
Q

colloid pressure

A

plasma has intrinsic osmotic pressure due to plasma proteins (favour movement into capillary)

27
Q

colloid pressure when BP is low

A

-remains the same as albumin is too big to leave capillary
-therefore fluid moves out at arterial end and back in venous end

28
Q

tissue fluid net filtration

A

4 litres per day (not including kidneys)

29
Q

oedema

A

build up of tissue fluid: body moves fluid back into blood using lymph capillaries and vessels

30
Q

lymph vessels

A

contract to aid movement of fluid; also responsible for moving absorbed fat into the circulation

31
Q

alpha1 selective e.g., praxosin and doxazosin

A

decrease vasoconstrictor tone (PVR)
no direct change in HR or CO

32
Q

alpha1 non-selective e.g., phentolamine

A

decrease vasoconstrictor tone (PVR)
not used therapeutically

33
Q

noradrenaline mechanism

A

negative feedback to stop production at the terminal.
-acts on alpha2 receptor to inhibit its own release

34
Q

issue with non-selective alpha agonist

A

blocks negative feedback of noradrenaline

35
Q

endothelial cells function

A

-release constrictors
-proliferative state of tension
-release free radicals
-express molecules which tether inflammatory cells

36
Q

calcification

A

healing response to the presence of dead cells - increased risk of myocardial infraction

37
Q

normal BP

A

120/80 (systolic/diastolic)

38
Q

reactive hyperaemia

A

when blood flow is blocked

39
Q

active hyperaemia

A

changes in O2/CO2 can dilate arterioles

40
Q

evohaler

A

beta2 agonist
- activate adenylate cyclase to relax bronchial smooth muscle

41
Q

factor controlling blood flow

A
  • length of vessel
  • viscosity of liquid
  • pressure gradient
42
Q

venodilation

A

caused by nitrates - reducing filling on the heart so reducing cardiac work

43
Q

baroreceptors

A

present in cartoid sinus and aortic arch and are more sensitive around MAP

44
Q

vagus nerve X

A

aortic arch baroreceptor sends signal via this

45
Q

hering nerve IX

A

cartoid sinus baroreceptor

46
Q

clonidine

A

alpha2 agonist
- activates presynaptic receptor in brain vasomotor centre to lower sympathetic output

Cardiovascular (5 decks)

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