Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology Exam 3 > Arteries > Flashcards

Arteries Flashcards

0
Q

Describe what happens to an artery as it moves from the heart to the periphery

A

Associated with more branches and smaller the vessel diameter becomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What determines the size of the artery?

A

Distance from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe large arteries. Examples?

A

Elastic artery / conducting artery
Aorta and primary branches of aorta
Diameter >1 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why are large arteries (the aortae specifically) called elastic arteries?

A

Because of large amounts of elastic tissue in the tunica media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Elastic arteries branch into?

A

Medium sized arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe medium sized arteries

A

Muscular / distributing arteries
Most named arteries in gross anatomy (example femoral)
2-10 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Medium sized arteries branch into?

A

Small arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Size of small arteries?

A

0.1-2mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Small arteries branch into? What are there size range?

A

Arterioles 10-100 um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What composes the tunica adventitia in the large/medium arteries?

A

Fibroblastic connective tissue
Elastic and collagen fibers
Vasa vasorum
Nerve fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Composition of tunica media in large/medium arteries

A

Circularly oriented components:
Smooth muscle cells
Elastic tissue
External elastic membrane (DISTINCTIVE of muscular arteries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Composition of tunica intima in large/medium sized arteries

A

Longitudinally oriented components:
Endothelial layer
Subendothelial layer (fibroblast, collagen, elastic fibers)
Internal elastic membrane (DISTINCTIVE of muscular arteries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What produces the CONCENTRIC elastic tissue in the tunica media?

A

Resident smooth muscle cells!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Atherosclerosis occurs where?

A

T. intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Arteriosclerosis occurs where?

A

T. media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What layers of large/medium arteries most often undergo degenerative changes?

A

T. intima and T. media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A stain for elastin in an elastic artery would most likely stain darkest where?

A

Tunica media (some in the internal elastic membrane, this layer is not as thick as in muscular arteries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Makeup of T. adventita in medium/muscular artery?

A

Elastic and collagen fibers

18
Q

Describe the T. media in muscular artery

A

Thick and mostly composed of smooth muscle cells

19
Q

Where is thee internal elastic membrane in muscular artery?

A

T. intima

20
Q

What is indicative and identifiable in larger muscular arteries?

A

External elastic membrane

21
Q

T or F: The T. media in muscular arteries displays elastin

A

F (not much)

22
Q

Where color does tunica media stain in muscular artery?

A

Eosin stain because of smooth muscle tissue

23
Q

T or F: Even small vessels have the three tunica layers

A

T (down to arteriole level)

24
Q

As vessel diameter increases what happens to the layers of tunica?

A

Get thinner (especially the tunica media)

25
Q

Describe the unique characteristics of arterioles as compared to larger vessels

A

T intima - no internal elastic membrane,
T media - not much collagen, few layers of smooth muscle (1-5 cells thick)
T adventitia - not robust, has some elastic fibers in small arteris

26
Q

Role of muscle layer in arterioles

A

Regulates BP, contraction raises resistance to blood flow and increases blood pressure, relaxation increases blood flow (following meal to GI for example)

27
Q

What are the main resistance vessels in the circulatory system?

A

Arterioles, they control flow of blood!

28
Q

What is arteriosclerosis?

A

Characterized by rigidity and fibrosis of the vascular walls

29
Q

What is the cause of arteriosclerosis?

A

Accumulation of collagen and elastic fibers in the tunica intima and a LOSS of smooth muscle and elastic fibers in the tunica media and their replacement with collagen fibers and mineral salts
Presence of macrophages in the tunica intima

30
Q

Where is arteriosclerosis most evident? Connection to other diseases?

A

Most pronounced in the elastic and muscular arteries (though seen down to arterioles)
Associated with hypertension and diabetes

31
Q

A cross section in arteriosclerosis would show what in the tunica intima of a muscular artery?

A

Displaced lines of elastin and cracks radiating from the lumen

32
Q

What is the most common form of arteriosclerosis?

A

Atherosclerosis

33
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

Characterized by deposits of yellowish (fibrofatty) plaques in the intima of large and medium arteries (bulge into the lumen)

34
Q

Most common cause of morbidity in vascular diseases?

A

Atherosclerosis

35
Q

Blood vessels most affected by atherosclerosis?

A

Coronary arteries, carotid arteries, cerebral arteries, renal arteries, etc.

36
Q

Narrowing of arterial lumens lead to?

A

Due to atherosclerosis

Ischemia, stroke, coronary heart disease, renal arterial ischemia

37
Q

Describe stages 1-4 of atherosclerosis

A

Slow, progressive accumulation of lipids

1: Fatty streak of intracellular lipid accumulation
2: Intermediate lesion, More accumulation intracellular, small extracellular lipid pools
3: Atheroma, core of extracellular lipid
4: Fibroatheroma, single of multiple lipid cores, fibrotic/calcific layers

38
Q

Describe stages 4-5 of athersclerosis

A

Accelerated accumulation of smooth muscle cells and collagen

4: Fibroatheroma - single/multiple lipid cores, fibrotic/calcific layers
5: Complicated lesion: suface defect, hematoma/hemorrhage, thrombosis

39
Q

Stage 6 of atherosclerosis

A

Thrombosis or hematoma

40
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

Ballooning of an artery due to breakdown of arterial wall. Elevated blood pressure can cause ballooning and breakage leading to massive loss of blood

41
Q

Most common vessel with aneuysm?

A

Abdominal aorta

42
Q

Possible causes of aneurysm?

A

Age related displacement of elastic fibers by collagen

Associated with atherosclerosis, syphilis, genetic connective disorder (marfan, ehlers-danlos)

Histology Exam 3 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions