Arterial Gross Anatomy Flashcards
What are the first branches of the aortic arch?
Coronary Artery
What divides the right common carotid and subclavian arteries?
Innominate / Brachiocephalic
What are the four branches of the aortic arch?
Coronary Artery
Innominate / Brachiocephalic
Left common carotid artery (LCCA)
Left subclavian artery
What are the 7 upper extremity arteries?
Subclavian Artery
Axillary Artery
Brachial Artery
Radial Artery
Ulnar Artery
Superficial palmar (volar) arch
Deep palmar arch
Where does the subclavian artery run?
Laterally to outer border of 1st rib becoming the axillary artery
What artery does the Axillary artery become?
Brachial artery
What branches come off the Brachial Artery?
Radial and ulnar arteries at the inner aspect of the elbow
What is the inner aspect of the elbow also called?
Antecubital fossa
Where does the Radial artery travel?
Down lateral side of forearm into hand
What does the Radial artery branch into?
Superficial (volar) arch and terminates in the deep palmar arch by joining deep branch of ulnar artery
Where does the Ulnar artery travel?
Down the medial side of the forearm into hand
What does the Ulnar artery branch into?
Deep palmar (volar) branch
Terminates in superficial palmar arch
Predominate source of blood flow to the hand
What does the superficial palmar (volar) arch include?
Distal portion of the ulnar artery
Branch of the radial artery
What does the Deep palmar arch include?
Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery
Distal portion of the radial artery
Where do digital arteries arise from and divide into?
Arise from the palmar arches and extend into the fingers dividing into lateral and medial branches
What are the 4 visceral branches of the abdominal aorta?
Celiac artery (CA)
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
Renal arteries
Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
What does the Celiac artery (CA) supply?
Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Duodenum
Spleen
What does the Celiac artery (CA) branch into?
Left gastric
Splenic
Common hepatic arteries
What does the Superior Mesenteric artery (SMA) supply?
Small intestine
Cecum
Parts of colon
Where is the SMA located?
1cm behind the celiac artery
What do the renal arteries supply?
Kidneys
Suprarenal glands
Ureters
What is a transverse landmark for locating the left renal artery?
The left renal vein which crosses the aorta anteriorly; the artery being just posterior
What does the Inferior Mesenteric artery (IMA) supply?
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Part of the rectum
Where does the IMA arise?
From the abdominal aorta about 3-4 cm above the bifurcation
The IMA can act as:
a collateral connection
What are the most distal branches of the aorta?
common iliac arteries (CIA)
Where do the common iliac arteries (CIA) carry blood?
Pelvis
Abdominal wall
Lower limbs
What do the Common iliac arteries (CIA) divide into?
Internal iliac artery (hypogastric)
External iliac artery
Where does the External iliac artery travel?
along medial side of Psoas major muscle
The Common iliac arteries pass underneath the inguinal ligament, becoming:
the common femoral artery (CFA)
What are the 6 lower extremity arteries?
Common femoral artery (CFA)
Popliteal artery
Anterior tibial artery (ATA)
Posterior tibial (PTA)
Peroneal artery
Digital arteries / Plantar arch
The Common femoral artery (CFA) divides into:
Superficial femoral artery (SFA)
Deep femoral (profuna femoris) artery
Where does the superficial femoral artery (SFA) run?
Runs the length of the thigh, passing through an opening in the tendon of the adductor hiatus (adductor canal, or Hunter’s canal)
What enters the popliteal fossa behind the knee?
Common femoral artery (CFA)
Where does the deep femoral (profunda) artery arise?
About 5cm from the inguinal ligament on the lateral side
The profunda femoris can act as:
A collateral connection
Where is the termination of the SFA and beginning of the popliteal artery?
Adductor hiatus
What divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries?
Popliteal artery
What is referred to as the “trifurcation”?
Anterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery
Peroneal arteries
What is the first branch of the distal popliteal artery?
Anterior tibial (ATA)
What artery becomes the dosalis pedis artery (PDA)?
Anterior tibial (ATA)
What is the major branch of the the DPA?
Deep plantar artery
What does the plantar arch consist of?
deep plantar artery and lateral plantar artery
Where does the posterior tibial (PTA) extend?
Obliquely down posterior/medial side of leg
What is the TIbioperonal trunk made of?
Short segment between ATA branch and branches of PTA and peroneal arteries
Major branches of the posterior tibial (PTA):
Lateral and medial plantar arteries;
Branching below medial malleolus to supply sold of foot
Where does the peroneal artery extend?
Passes toward fibula, traveling down medial side of that bone to supply structures of the lateral side of leg/foot
What arteries distribute blood to digits?
Plantar and dorsal metatarsals
The plantar arch consists of:
The deep plantar artery (branch of DPA) and the lateral planar artery (branch of PTA) which unites with the deep plantar artery.
How do the arteries run?
Progressively decreasing in size from aorta (largest) to arterioles (smallest)
What do arteries transport?
Gases, nutrients, and other essential substances to the capillaries
What do Arterioles do?
Consider resistance vessels; assist with regulating blood flow through contraction and relaxtion
What do Capillaries do?
Nutrients and waste products are exchanged between the tissue and blood
What does the Tunica intima/inner layer consist of?
thin, surface layer of smooth endothelium, base membrane and connective tissue
What does the Tunica media/intermediate layer consist of?
thicker, composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue, largely of the elastic type
What does the Tunica external/outer layer consist of?
(adventitia)
somewhat thinner than media, contains fibrous connective tissue; some muscle fibers.
As a rule, what layer contains the vasa vasorum, tiny vessels that carry blood to the walls of the largest arteries?
Adventitial layer (arterial wall)
