Arterial Blood Gases Flashcards
what is normal pH
7.35-7.45
what is normal C02
35-45
what is normal HCO3
22-26
C02
- C02 is an acid producing substance
- the higher the number the more acidic/more trapped in the body
- the lower the number you’re blowing off CO2
PH
- the higher the number the more basic/alkalotic
- the lower the number the more acidic
HCO3
- HCO3 is basic/comes from kidneys
- the higher the number the more basic/alkalotic
- the lower the number the more acidotic
compensation
- for compensation pH must be in normal range
- whatever system matches pH is causing the problem
- system that is not causing problem will kick in and move opposite direction
mixed problem
- two or more disorders occur at the same time
- both systems are not working
ABG interpretation
- compare abg to previous/trend
- compare to pt.clinical pic/assessments
- report changes and new findings
resp acidosis
too much CO2
-hypoventilation/retain CO2
causes of resp acidosis
- depression of respiratory center
- -resp muscle paralysis
- chest wall disorders
- disorders of the lung parenchyma
(trauma., meds,vent, RR/tidal vol too low, drugs,ALS, Guillane-Barre MS, chest tube, pneumothorax,stabbing,COPD. lung CA,pneumonia, bronchitis,CHF,aspriration
S/S of resp acidosis
-hypoventilation
-rapid shalllow breath
-decreased bp
-dypsnea
-HA
-hyperkalemia
-dysrythmias
-drowsy,dizzy,disorient
-muscle weakness
-
treatment of resp acidosis
- fix the problem
- TCDB, IS, intubation
- narcan romazicon
- bipap
resp alkalosis
- hyperventilation
- not enough o2
- blowing off too much CO2
resp alkalosis poss causes
- hypermetabolic state/fever
- hypoxia/altitude/asthma
- psychogenic/ anxiety
- CNS stimulation drugs, alcohol, brain injury
- incorrect vent setting/RR rate too high insp/expir too long
- anxiety, pe, fear, pregnancy
resp alkalosis s/s
-seizures
-lethary,confusion
-nausea vomiting
-tachycardia
-decreased or normal bp
-deep rapid breathing
-numbness tingling of extremities
hypokalemia
metabolic acidosis
ph is lower
bicarb is lower than normal
metabolic acidosis causes
- overproduction of organic acids (too much urine, ketones, starvation)
- impaired renal funct/can’t pee out K
- abnormal loss of HCO3 diarrhea
- ingestion of acid/ too much aspirin anti freeze
- anerobic metabolism/ lactic acid
metabolic acidosis s/s
-HA
-decreased BP
-hyperkalemia
-muscle twitching
-nausea, vomit.diarrhea
-changes in LOC
-Kussmaul resp
warm flushed skin
metabolic acidosis causes
- DKA
- severe diarrhea
- renal failure
- shock
treatment metabolic acidosis
- fluids
- kexalate to excrete potassium
- dialysis
metabolic alkalosis
-ph and bicarb are elavated
metabolic alkalosis causes
- large losses of gatric contents/vomiting
- loss oof potassium/lasix,SIADH
- ingestion of lrg amt of bicarb: too many tums
- prolonged use of diuretics
- too much suctioning
- cushing’s disease
- long term steroid use
metabolic alkalosis s/s
restlessness followed by lethargy -dsrymthmias/tachcardia -n,v,d hypokalemia tremors,muscle cramps, tingling of fingers toes
treatment of metabolic acidosis
zofran phenergan fluids, switch diuretics, no tums
