Arterial Blood Gases

Question 1

what is normal pH

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

what is normal C02

Answer 2

35-45

Question 3

what is normal HCO3

Answer 3

22-26

Question 4

C02

Answer 4

• C02 is an acid producing substance
• the higher the number the more acidic/more trapped in the body
• the lower the number you’re blowing off CO2

Question 5

PH

Answer 5

• the higher the number the more basic/alkalotic

- the lower the number the more acidic

Question 6

HCO3

Answer 6

• HCO3 is basic/comes from kidneys
• the higher the number the more basic/alkalotic
• the lower the number the more acidotic

Question 7

compensation

Answer 7

• for compensation pH must be in normal range
• whatever system matches pH is causing the problem
• system that is not causing problem will kick in and move opposite direction

Question 8

mixed problem

Answer 8

• two or more disorders occur at the same time

- both systems are not working

Question 9

ABG interpretation

Answer 9

• compare abg to previous/trend
• compare to pt.clinical pic/assessments
• report changes and new findings

Question 10

resp acidosis

Answer 10

too much CO2

-hypoventilation/retain CO2

Question 11

causes of resp acidosis

Answer 11

• depression of respiratory center
• -resp muscle paralysis
• chest wall disorders
• disorders of the lung parenchyma

(trauma., meds,vent, RR/tidal vol too low, drugs,ALS, Guillane-Barre MS, chest tube, pneumothorax,stabbing,COPD. lung CA,pneumonia, bronchitis,CHF,aspriration

Question 12

S/S of resp acidosis

Answer 12

-hypoventilation
-rapid shalllow breath
-decreased bp
-dypsnea
-HA
-hyperkalemia
-dysrythmias
-drowsy,dizzy,disorient
-muscle weakness
-

Question 13

treatment of resp acidosis

Answer 13

• fix the problem
• TCDB, IS, intubation
• narcan romazicon
• bipap

Question 14

resp alkalosis

Answer 14

• hyperventilation
• not enough o2
• blowing off too much CO2

Question 15

resp alkalosis poss causes

Answer 15

• hypermetabolic state/fever
• hypoxia/altitude/asthma
• psychogenic/ anxiety
• CNS stimulation drugs, alcohol, brain injury
• incorrect vent setting/RR rate too high insp/expir too long
• anxiety, pe, fear, pregnancy

Question 16

resp alkalosis s/s

Answer 16

-seizures
-lethary,confusion
-nausea vomiting
-tachycardia
-decreased or normal bp
-deep rapid breathing
-numbness tingling of extremities
hypokalemia

Question 17

metabolic acidosis

Answer 17

ph is lower

bicarb is lower than normal

Question 18

metabolic acidosis causes

Answer 18

• overproduction of organic acids (too much urine, ketones, starvation)
• impaired renal funct/can’t pee out K
• abnormal loss of HCO3 diarrhea
• ingestion of acid/ too much aspirin anti freeze
• anerobic metabolism/ lactic acid

Question 19

metabolic acidosis s/s

Answer 19

-HA
-decreased BP
-hyperkalemia
-muscle twitching
-nausea, vomit.diarrhea
-changes in LOC
-Kussmaul resp
warm flushed skin

Question 20

metabolic acidosis causes

Answer 20

• DKA
• severe diarrhea
• renal failure
• shock

Question 21

treatment metabolic acidosis

Answer 21

• fluids
• kexalate to excrete potassium
• dialysis

Question 22

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 22

-ph and bicarb are elavated

Question 23

metabolic alkalosis causes

Answer 23

• large losses of gatric contents/vomiting
• loss oof potassium/lasix,SIADH
• ingestion of lrg amt of bicarb: too many tums
• prolonged use of diuretics
• too much suctioning
• cushing’s disease
• long term steroid use

Question 24

metabolic alkalosis s/s

Answer 24

restlessness followed by lethargy
-dsrymthmias/tachcardia
-n,v,d
hypokalemia
tremors,muscle cramps, tingling of fingers toes

Question 25

treatment of metabolic acidosis

Answer 25

zofran phenergan fluids, switch diuretics, no tums